Design of Earthing in Underground Substation using ETAP with Constraints

This paper describes the earthing design of a distribution substation 33kV 415V, 50Hz system. in this type of substation equipment’s are 33kV HV panel, transformer, battery, battery charger and Low voltage panels. The earth mat is below substation which is almost 15 18 Meter deep from ground level. The main considerable factors for earth mat design are soil resistivity which is higher due to basalt rock and system fault current. Fault current level of the system considered as 70kA derived from calculations. Earthing is essential for proper functioning of substation equipment’s and in the absence of proper designing affects in many ways like electric shock to personnel’s and malfunctions and damage to the equipment’s. The basic purpose of earthing is to ensure personnel safety, safe and reliable operation of equipment’s, prevent stray current, protection against interferences and keeps steps and touch potential within safe limit. This paper also discussed constraint in design due to below ground level. Result of manual calculation compared with design simulated through ETAP software version 19. The data used in design considered from a substation in Mumbai, Maharashtra. 

by Daud Ahmad | Dr. Javed Ashraf "Design of Earthing in Underground Substation using ETAP with Constraints" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43787.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43787/design-of-earthing-in-underground-substation-using-etap-with-constraints/daud-ahmad

callforpapermedicalscience, medicalsciencejournal, manuscriptsubmission

Monitoring and Evaluating the Contribution of the Rural Development in India and Master Plan for Development of MULHER Village

The rural development generally refers to the process of improving guarantee of life and economic welfare of people living in relatively isolated and sparsely polluted in India, out of total population of 131 crores, 83.3 crores live in rural area. Thus, nearly 70 percent of the India’s population lives in rural, these populations can be characterized by mass Poverty, high level of unemployment, low level of literacy and income, high of unemployment and poor nutrition and health status. In order to tackle these specific problems a number of rural development programs are being implemented to create opportunities for improvement of the quality of life of these rural people. In this paper, various rural development schemes, policies and programs proposed by government are discussed in detail. An ideal master plan of MULHER village is also developed further to show the shadow of ideal village. Most poor people live in rural areas of developing countries and are dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. The pressure such as population growth, modernization, ethnic conflicts and environmental degradation are factors that are forcing local inhabitants to change their way of life. Under such circumstances we try to give a solution of various problems of rural peoples. 

by Prof. Sachin L. Desale | Prachi S. Awatade | Rutuja S. More | Krishna V. Patil | Bhushan R. Saindane "Monitoring and Evaluating the Contribution of the Rural Development in India and Master Plan for Development of MULHER Village" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43714.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/43714/monitoring-and-evaluating-the-contribution-of-the-rural-development-in-india-and-master-plan-for-development-of-mulher-village/prof-sachin-l-desale

callforpapercommerce, ugcapprovedjournalsincommerce, commercejournal

Study on Behavior of Outrigger System on High Rise Structure by Varying Outrigger Depth in Seismic Zones of India by Using Staadpro

These Tall building development is rapidly growing almost everywhere in the world acquainting new difficulties that need to be met with, through engineering evaluation. In tall buildings, lateral loads generated by earthquake or wind load are frequently resisted by providing coupled shear walls. But as the height increases, the building becomes taller and the efficiency of the tall building greatly depends on lateral stiffness and resistance capacity. So, a system called outrigger is introduced which improves overturning stiffness and strength by connecting shear wall core to outer columns. When the Structure is subjected to Lateral forces, the Outrigger and the columns resist the rotation of the core and thus significantly reduce the lateral deflection and base moment, which would have arisen in a free core. During the last three decades, numerous studies have been carried out on the analysis and behavior of outrigger structures. But this question is remained that how many outriggers system is needed in tall buildings. Using Staad Pro 

by Mayuri N. Ade | Prof. G. D Dhawale | Prof. M. M. Lohe "Study on Behavior of Outrigger System on High Rise Structure by Varying Outrigger Depth in Seismic Zones of India by Using Staadpro" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43789.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/43789/study-on-behavior-of-outrigger-system-on-high-rise-structure-by-varying-outrigger-depth-in-seismic-zones-of-india-by-using-staadpro/mayuri-n-ade

callforpaperphysics, physicsjournal

Application of Scale, Projection and Lettering in Architectural Design

Design consists of ideas and combinations of techniques, elements of design and the use of ideal spatial creation. Balance and Positive combinations of form and functions has to follow certain principles of design and drafting. Design can be successful only when rules for scaling, proportion, light, colour, form and other elements are used tactfully with concepts and proposals. Scale, Projection are the tools which bring into reality the idea created in mind and comes into form when projected according the linear, angular and radial projection rule applied. This paper signifies the role of scale used in drawing various parts, the projections needed to detail out the arts and lettering to make it understandable for the viewer. We discuss here about scale, the need for scale, geometric construction to form the spaces, projections on horizontal and vertical planes defining the whole element. 

by Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji | Ar. Neeta Mohgaonkar | Dr. Sheetal Sharma "Application of Scale, Projection and Lettering in Architectural Design" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42474.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/architecture-and-planning/42474/application-of-scale-projection-and-lettering-in-architectural-design/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji

internationaljournalsofcomputerscience, callforpapercomputerscience, ugcapprovedjournalsforcomputerscience 

Contact and Transient Analysis of Cam and Follower Mechanism

The objective of this project is to model the design and analysis of a cam and follower. The model is created by the basic needs of an engine with the available background, such as rotation acting over the cam using valve running. Here the approach becomes fully CAE based, CAE based process enriches the Research and limits the time duration. Most of the IC engines used in the market have roller cam and follower mechanisms, having a line contact between the cam and the roller follower. The software CATIA and ANSYS tool has mainly been developed to enhance learning. Still, can readily use it to design and analyze cam and follower mechanisms for industrial applications. The model will be constructed using CATIAV5 r21 software, which is a powerful modeling and simulating the environment of dynamic systems. Contact and Transient structural analysis will be done in Ansys14.5on the valve gear mechanism for existing material and composite material. The Transient Structural analysis generates detailed information about the stress, strain, displacement, velocity, etc., of the valve gear mechanism. The contact generates detailed information about contact status, gap, pressure, and penetration of the mechanism. It also provides animation of the cam and follower mechanism 

by V. Saran Tej | R. Naveen | P. Siva | T. Sateesh "Contact and Transient Analysis of Cam and Follower Mechanism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43762.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/43762/contact-and-transient-analysis-of-cam-and-follower-mechanism/v-saran-tej

callforpaperbiologicalscience, biologicalsciencejournal

Modeling and Simulation of Grid Connected PV System

In today’s scenario, renewable energy based applications are increasing due to the global warming issue and increase in the prices of fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources RES like sun, biomass, air, water etc. are environmental friendly and have plenty of potential that can be utilized in power generation. However, RES have a problem of intermittent in nature that can be conquered presently by combining RES known as hybrid system that can provide the reliable, economic and environment friendly electricity. The increased penetration of grid connected renewable energy sources has an impact on the grid power quality in particular weak grids. Voltage fluctuation, frequency fluctuation and harmonics are major power quality issues. 

by Muhammad Shahid | MD Ejaz Ali "Modeling and Simulation of Grid Connected PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43761.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43761/modeling-and-simulation-of-grid-connected-pv-system/muhammad-shahid

internationaljournalofscience, openaccessjournalofscience, ugcapprovedjournalsforscience 

Techno Economic Analysis of HVDC Links for Inter State Interconnection

The design of an interregional high voltage transmission system in the US is a revolutionary technological concept that will likely play a significant role in the planning and operation of future electric power systems. This paper presents techno economics analysis of HVDC link for interstate inter connected system. there are two type transmission system used for large power supply to long distance transmission 1 HVDC high voltage dc transmission system 2 HVAC high voltage ac transmission system in which HVDC is preferable due less power loss in transmissions but it need high installing charge at the starting moment. It need two type of installation block 1 rectifier block at the sending end 2 inverter block at receiving end these both block deal with high reactive VAR. In this paper we are going to analyze technology of HVDC installation, there control, how HVDC link deal with reactive VAR reactive power compensation , how its economical if it need high installing charge .In this paper we are using 2500 MVA, 230 volt, 60 grid after rectifying power transmitted to 100 km by 100 km cable then it invert at receiving end for distribution. Here we are calculating reactive power demand for both inverter and converter both, we comparing HVDC transmutation system with HVAC transmission system economically we also coverings the environmental advantages for HVDC system. My focus in this paper is, how to minimize installing charge of HVDC link, how to increase power carrying capacity of HVDC system and how to make it environment friendly.

by Muhammad Shahid | MD Asif "Techno-Economic Analysis of HVDC Links for Inter-State Interconnection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43760.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/43760/technoeconomic-analysis-of-hvdc-links-for-interstate-interconnection/muhammad-shahid

ugcapprovedmanagementjournal, openaccessjournalofmanagement, paperpublicationinmanagement