Study of Cost Effectiveness of Reinforced Earth Wall Over Conventional Retaining Wall Considering Different Heights

Reinforced Earth Wall RE Wall is an internally stabilized wall. Reinforced earth is a composite material formed by the friction between the earth and the reinforcement. By means of friction the soil transfers to the reinforcement the forces built up in the earth mass. The reinforcement thus develops tension and the earth behaves as if it has cohesion.Significant increase in the traffic and congestion across urban areas creates a demand for a better, efficient and economical soil retention system for bridges, underpasses, flyover and any other type of grade separator so the reduce the cost of the construction also to make structure more durable, reduce problem of the construction following points as has been studied. The objective of this study is to study the Cost Effectiveness between Retaining wall and Reinforced Earth Wall at different heights. The economic benefit achieved from the Reinforced Earth Wall increases with the increase in the height of the wall. Further, RE wall can be made more cost economical by using the combinations of different types of Geo grid and back fill material based on the soil and loading conditions 

by Sami Raj Sahu | Deeksha Shrotriya | Barun Kumar "Study of Cost Effectiveness of Reinforced Earth Wall Over Conventional Retaining Wall Considering Different Heights" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47577.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47577/study-of-cost-effectiveness-of-reinforced-earth-wall-over-conventional-retaining-wall-considering-different-heights/sami-raj-sahu

ugclistedjournals, indexedjournal, paperpublication

Analysis of PSC Bridge for Highway Structures using Software

Bridge is most useful structure for highway Structures and River and Canal structures in without any obstruction of water, traffic is flow out on structures. In Bridge structures many sort of vehicles like little vehicles, light vehicles and substantial vehicles are streaming in inevitably, so primary idea of bridge is the manner by which to end up a safe under different kinds of stacking state of vehicles in a single bearing. By and large the vehicles are stream in structure, the heap of vehicles are Both side scatter in 45 degree from edge of feel burnt out on vehicle in both longitudinal and parallel bearings implies ranges heading and length of Structure headings. So this scattering of load is specifically influenced to best of bridge Deck section and after that longitudinal support and in addition cross brace. After that the long individual from bridge superstructure like brace is transported the heap towards the substructure of Bridge and afterward establishment to soil. The plan of superstructure is by and large utilized with RCC, however nowa days in length range individual from Bridge utilizing with PSC, forget significantly more preferred standpoint and security of Structure. 

by Nitin Singh Raghuwanshi | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar "Analysis of PSC Bridge for Highway Structures using Software" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47576.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47576/analysis-of-psc-bridge-for-highway-structures-using-software/nitin-singh-raghuwanshi

ugcjournallist, listofugcapprovedjournals, researchpublication

Design and Analysis of a Girder Bridge for Highway Structures Using Sap 2000

In this study, a comparative study supported two differing types of bridges i.e. Deck type and Pre stressed deck type using finite element analysis in SAP 2000 is ready , considering same loading class 70 R as per I.R.C. loading. During this study well also prepare a price analysis of both the structures using S.O.R. C.P.W.D. 2014. This sort of bridges is more preferred when it involves connectivity to short distances. So, its necessary to update the analysis and style methods. Here, during this paper, theres an effort to review the comparison of maximum bending moment thanks to super load during a girder and slab bridge an equivalent bridge is analyzed as a three dimensional model in finite element software as SAP2000, apply an equivalent loading finished conventional methods and compared the results. The utmost bending moment results obtained from finite element model. 

by Nitin Singh Raghuwanshi | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar "Design and Analysis of a Girder Bridge for Highway Structures Using Sap 2000" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47575.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47575/design-and-analysis-of-a-girder-bridge-for-highway-structures-using-sap-2000/nitin-singh-raghuwanshi

callforpaperpapersconference, highimpactfactor, manuscriptpublication

Limit States Solution to CSCS Orthotropic Thin Rectangular Plate Carrying Transverse Loads

The analysis of thin rectangular orthotropic plate with two opposite edges clamped and the other two opposite edges simply supported CSCS , carrying transverse loads was investigated in this study. The Ritz total potential energy functional was used. The minimization of the total potential energy functional produces the expression for the coefficient of deflection. The coefficient of deflection was used to obtain equation for the maximum lateral load of an orthotropic thin rectangular plate based on allowable deflection. Also, equation for the maximum lateral load of an orthotropic thin rectangular plate based on allowable stress was developed.Developed stiffness coefficients were substituted in the lateral load equations to obtain the maximum lateral load values for a CSCS plate. Numerical examples using permissible deflection of 10mm and yield strength of 250MPa, plate thickness varying from 5mm to 12.5 mm with 0.5mm intervals were done to determine the maximum lateral loads corresponding to an orthotropic thin rectangular CSCS plate carrying transverse loads when n1 = Ey Ex = 0.7 and n2 = G Ex = 0.41 for aspect ratios b a of 1.0, 1.25 and 1.50. 

by Bertram D. I. | Okere C. E. | Ibearugbulem O. M. | Nwokorobia G. C. "Limit States Solution to CSCS Orthotropic Thin Rectangular Plate Carrying Transverse Loads" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47566.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47566/limit-states-solution-to-cscs-orthotropic-thin-rectangular-plate-carrying-transverse-loads/bertram-d-i

callforpaperpapersinjournals, specialissuepublication, multidisciplinaryjournal

Analysis and Design of Box Underpass Bridge Using Software

In the last few decades, there has been an enormous increase in traffic volume on highways due to population growth and rapid urbanization. To maintain traffic flow, numerous new highways and flyovers have been built. As part of the modern world, bridge construction has come to be considered of international importance. It provides passage over obstructions without closing off the path below. Recent technological advancements have made conventional bridges obsolete. Innovative and cost effective structural systems have replaced conventional bridges. These days, box type bridges are becoming more popular in modern highway systems, including urban interchanges, because of their efficient dispersal of congested traffic, their economic considerations, and their aesthetic appeal. The structures have many advantages that are useful in freeway and bridge construction, including structural efficiency, serviceability. 

by Piyush Tiwari | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar "Analysis and Design of Box Underpass Bridge Using Software" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47525.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47525/analysis-and-design-of-box-underpass-bridge-using-software/piyush-tiwari

callforpaperpharmacy, pharmacyjournal, internationalpeerreviewedjournal

Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Solid Slab Bridge

Structural planning and analysis is an art and science of designing with economy, elegance and sturdiness. Structural designing requires an in depth structural analysis on which the planning is predicted, to compete within the ever competitive market, The use of software can save many man hours and efforts in structural analysis and an effort was made in the present study to achieve this objective. The purpose of this study is to analyze and design the solid deck slab bridge by STAAD Pro and manual method under different loading conditions. And also the analysis results in term of shear, bending moment, axial force and deflection were checked by STAAD Pro which is passes through many different load combinations. The maximum design moments resulting from the combinations of various loading cases.part 1 The study deals with the planning and analysis of Solid Deck Slab using Staad Pro software. In this study solid deck slab having 8.2 m long span and the thickness of slab 0.65 m and the slab is simply supported. The drafting and detailing work was completed using AutoCAD software and thereafter the entire design work was completed using “Staad Pro v8i ss6. 

by Pooja Kumre | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar "Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Solid Slab Bridge" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47524.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47524/analysis-and-design-of-reinforced-concrete-solid-slab-bridge/pooja-kumre

callforpapertechnology, technologyjournal

Use of Cow Dung Ash in Eco Friendly Concrete

It has been estimated by World Health Organization WHO that about 5 of total CO2 released into the atmosphere is from cement industry. Besides being an natural toxin, the measure of warmth energy needed for creation of concrete is around 1500 °C which requires more energy. Cement concrete produced with ordinary cement are to be replaced by eco friendly concrete. Locally available waste material like rice husk ash, cow dung ash, animal waste ash etc can be a better option for the replacement of cement in concrete up to an extent. This paper presents the possibility of utilizing Cow dung ash CDA as a supplementary cementing material in cement concrete. Trial examinations completed to concentrate on the cow waste debris on the strength of cement. Concrete was to some extent supplanted with four rates 5 , 10 , 15 , and 20 of cow manure debris by weight. The compressive strength and flexural strengths of the concrete specimens were determined at 7, 14 and 28 days respectively. From the outcomes significant ends can be attracted terms of different boundaries like workability, flexural strength and compressive strength. 

by Kapil Batham | Prof. M. C. Paliwal "Use of Cow Dung Ash in Eco Friendly Concrete" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46459.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46459/use-of-cow-dung-ash-in-eco-friendly-concrete/kapil-batham

openaccessjournalofengineering, engineeringjournal, paperpublicationforengineering

Design of Multi Storied Buildings Considering Seismic Response

Now an afternoon the human lifestyles and the surroundings have often been endangered through the herbal risks like earthquake, tsunami, flood, cyclone and landslides. As a effect of which the human society and the nation's financial system get hampered at once after the incidence of a herbal disaster. In growing international locations like India, wherein the populace may be very huge and is growing day through day, the social and financial elements pressure the humans to stay in susceptible areas, because of which the results of those herbal screw ups are catastrophic. 

by Praveen Verma | A. K. Jha | Barun Kumar "Design of Multi-Storied Buildings Considering Seismic Response" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46475.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46475/design-of-multistoried-buildings-considering-seismic-response/praveen-verma

callforpapermedicalscience, medicalsciencejournal, manuscriptsubmission

Analysis of Commercial Building with Two Different Materials Considering Framework Gantry Load Using Software

In industrial structures trusses are assembled using bolted, riveted and welded joints as per load distribution. In India general steel structure which we use is FE 345 grade, which is heavy, and rigid to bear machinery load. These structures are comparatively much costlier than RCC structures. For his or her assembling cranks are required to repair at the precise position as manually theyre impossible to lift. These structures have got to bear machinery loads and super load of workers. In our study we are performing analysis of such structure considering material other that General steel hot rolled . In this study we are analysing the same structure with same loading conditions using Cold formed steel structure. In this study we are comparing both the structures for lateral pressure using analysis tool Staad.pro which is advance analysis tool with optimization option for cost effective design. Research work and tried to look at different properties of concrete like compressive quality, split rigidity, and flexural quality. 

by Ashutosh Udainiya | Dr. P. K. Singhai | A. K. Jha | Barun Kumar "Analysis of Commercial Building with Two Different Materials Considering Framework Gantry Load Using Software" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46473.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46473/analysis-of-commercial-building-with-two-different-materials-considering-framework-gantry-load-using-software/ashutosh-udainiya

callforpaperarts, artsjournal, peerreviewedjournal 

Comparison of Seismic Analysis of Multi Storyed Building Using Shear Wall in Seismic Zones III and IV

Looking to the past records of earthquakes, theres expansion inside the interest of quake opposing structures which may be fulfilled by giving the shear wall frameworks inside the structure. Furthermore inferable from the principal quakes inside the new taps the codal arrangements updated and executing extra weight age on seismic tremor style of construction. Typically shear divider will be illustrated as the underlying vertical part that is prepared to oppose a blend of shear, second and hub load iatrogenic by parallel burden and gravity load move to the wall from various help. This research work centers on the correlation of seismic investigation of private structures utilizing supporting and shear walls. The investigation of the building is conveyed in each of the four seismic which are Zone III and Zone IV. This investigation contains understanding the key parts responsible for the construction to perform severely during a seismic tremor, with the goal that they acquire their reasonable attributes for the further quakes. Demonstrating of the design will be done through STAAD professionals. V8i programming. Times pan of the design in bidirectional is reestablished from the programming itself just according to IS 1893 part 1 2002

by Sonal Asnani | Prof. Rashmi Sakalle "Comparison of Seismic Analysis of Multi Storyed Building Using Shear Wall in Seismic Zones III and IV" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46437.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46437/comparison-of-seismic-analysis-of-multi-storyed-building-using-shear-wall-in-seismic-zones-iii-and-iv/sonal-asnani

callforpaperphysics, physicsjournal

Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Multistory Building under Different Zone's

Impact of wind load as a marvel on structures, especially tall plans cant be unseen. Its major to ponder the deferred result of wind in style and appraisal of plans. The plan is explored for the gravity loads and besides for the equivalent loads for example wind load in zone ii Bhopal , zone iii Nagpur , zone iv Delhi , zone v Calcutta , zone vi Darbhanga .The structure is made on the thing known as staad.pro v8i. This appraisal is the assessment of the Reinforced strong cement multi story building G 10 . The codes utilized for the evaluations of Dead weight are IS 875 Part 1 1987 ,for live weight the code IS 875 Part 2 1987 and for the incorporates of wind power in various breeze zones are IS 875 fragment 3 1987.The deferred result of these appraisal shows the adjustment of forces, departures responses and weight of steel the proportion of partner material expected to negate equivalent loads will increase without a doubt. Amount of essential material expected to go against sidelong loads will augment profoundly. 

by Subodh Kumar | Prof. Priyanka Dubey "Seismic Analysis & Design of Reinforced Concrete Multistory Building under Different Zone's" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46404.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46404/seismic-analysis-and-design-of-reinforced-concrete-multistory-building-under-different-zone's/subodh-kumar

callforpapertechnology, technologyjournal

Analysis and Design of Electrical Transmission Tower Using STAAD Pro V8i Software for Seismic Zone 3

A transmission tower is a space truss and is an indeterminate structure. Increasing demand for electricity can be made more economical by developing different light weight configuration of transmission line tower. Literature survey revealed that comparative study of different types of tower. In all of the previous work Steel Transmission tower is considered but none of them defined the variation caused due to Different Type of Pylon using different Software for Seismic Zone III. Present study reports the design and analysis of steel transmission line towers performed static and dynamic assessment of transmission line tower. The investigation and displaying of tower is executed the utilization of FE based absolutely STAAD Pro software. Effect of wind and earthquake loads was studied and the results so obtained were compared for wind zones III for four legged tower. 

by Aditya Shrivastava | Prof. Afzal Khan "Analysis & Design of Electrical Transmission Tower Using STAAD Pro V8i Software for Seismic Zone 3" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46386.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46386/analysis-and-design-of-electrical-transmission-tower-using-staad-pro-v8i-software-for-seismic-zone-3/aditya-shrivastava

callforpaperlifesciences, lifesciencesjournal, researchpapers

An Trial Investigation on Fibre Reinforced Concrete Using Throw Away Polymer Fibre

The increasing amount of waste material from industry is a about reality that has began the sustainability complications of the environment and ecology of earth surface. The production of fibre within the industry accounts for the worldwide warming by releasing the CO2 and other harmful gases within the atmosphere during its manufacturing. It additionally method waste on the time of producing and the use of at the field. Therefore, formulation of concrete with industrial waste can help in minimizing the environmental and ecological problems. In this look at fibre waste polypropylene fibre become used as an extra cloth of cement concrete. Polypropylene fiber PPF is a artificial hydrocarbon polymer which become introduced to beautify the power of the concrete i.e. compressive and split tensile strength. In this study, we prepared number of specimens by varying percentage of commercial waste polypropylene fiber i. e. 0 , 0.25 , 0.5 , 0.75 and 1.00 . The density of Fibre ferroconcrete FRC was tested immediately after preparing the concrete mix whereas the compressive strength and therefore the split lastingness of the Fibre ferroconcrete FRC were tested after 7 and 28 days of curing. Results indicate that the density of fresh Fibre Reinforced Concrete FRC slightly or negligibly decreases from 2397 kg cm3 to 2393 kg cm3 with the addition of polypropylene fiber. The addition of waste polypropylene fiber increases the strength of Fibre ferroconcrete FRC for all curing ages up to a particular point. After that, there may be an abrupt discount within side the electricity of the Fibre Reinforced Concrete FRC . The addition of 0.5 polypropylene fiber is suggested for the maximum strength with minimum coefficient of brittleness. The addition of 0.5 waste polypropylene fibre increase the compressive strength around 10 and 17 split tensile strength of the Fibre Reinforced Concrete FRC . 

by Dilip Gupta | Dr. Anil Kumar Saxena "An Trial Investigation on Fibre Reinforced Concrete Using Throw Away Polymer Fibre" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46366.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46366/an-trial-investigation-on-fibre-reinforced-concrete-using-throw-away-polymer-fibre/dilip-gupta

callforpaperbiologicalscience, biologicalsciencejournal

Experimental Study of Maintenance and Treatment of R.C.C. Building by Fiber Reinforced Plastic

Fiber Reinforced Polymer FRP as an external reinforcement is used extensively to deal with the strength requirements related to flexure and shear in structural systems. But the strengthening of members subjected to torsion is explored only recently. Torsion failure is an undesirable brittle form of failure which should be avoided specially in the earthquake prone areas. In the present work, the behavior and performance of rectangular reinforced concrete beams strengthened with externally bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymer FRP fabrics subjected to combined flexure and torsion is studied experimentally. Three sets of concrete cylinders were tested for their ultimate strengths. In SET I three concrete cylindersF1 Without wrap FRP, F2 Single wrap FRP, F3 Double wrap FRP F1, F2 and F3 are tested. In SET II three concrete cylinders S1Without wrap FRP, S2 Single wrap FRP, S3 Double wrap FRP S1, S2 and S3 are tested. In SETIII three concrete cylinders R1 Without wrap FRP, R2 Single wrap FRP, R3 Double wrap FRP R1, R2 and R3 are tested. The concrete cylinders F1, S1 and R1 were taken as the control concrete cylinders. 

by Abdul Quadir Khan | Dr. Shubha Agrawal "Experimental Study of Maintenance and Treatment of R.C.C. Building by Fiber Reinforced Plastic" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46365.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46365/experimental-study-of-maintenance-and-treatment-of-rcc-building-by-fiber-reinforced-plastic/abdul-quadir-khan

callforpaperinternationaljournal, ugclistofjournals, bestinternationaljournal 

Relative Revision on Partial Replacement of Cement by Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Wood Ash with Ordinary Predictable Concrete

In creating nations where rich agrarian and modern squanders are released, these squanders can be utilized as potential material or substitution material in the development business. This will have the great preferred position of decrease in the expense of development material. Notwithstanding its negative ecological effect bond is additionally one of the most costly materials when contrasted with different constituents of concrete. The crude materials for the bond generation like lime are additionally being misused in enormous amounts which may bring about coming up short on them, as it is anticipated to occur in certain spots of the world. The second biggest nation of sugar creation after Brazil is India. Because of which, there is an expansion in the measure of bagasse as a result from the sugar factory. Sugar stick bagasse cinder is the waste result of the ignition of bagasse for vitality in sugar ventures because of which it is effectively accessible and shoddy. Sugar stick bagasse fiery remains SBA is discarded in landfills and is presently turning into an ecological issue. The Wood fiery remains used was gotten from tree wood. In the wake of social event, the wood fiery remains was clearly warmed. The fiery debris was ground to the required degree of fineness and sieved through 90µm sifter remembering the ultimate objective to remove any pollution and greater size particles. Wood fiery debris is a waste material, the development powder left after the start of wood, for instance, devouring wood in a home stack or a modern power plant. The general goals of this thesis work is to discover the properties of new and solidified concrete for M30 evaluation of concrete at different bond substitution rates of 0 , 10 , 20 , and 30 from sugar stick fiery debris, wood powder. The concrete shapes, bars and chambers of M30 evaluation were casted in this trial research work and tried to look at different properties of concrete like compressive quality, split rigidity, and flexural quality. 

by Aman Pratap Singh | Dr. Shubha Agrawal "Relative Revision on Partial Replacement of Cement by Sugarcane Bagasse Ash & Wood Ash with Ordinary Predictable Concrete" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46364.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46364/relative-revision-on-partial-replacement-of-cement-by-sugarcane-bagasse-ash-and-wood-ash-with-ordinary-predictable-concrete/aman-pratap-singh

peerreviewedinternationaljournal, callforpaperinugcapprovedjournals, paperpublicationforstudent

Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Girder for Bridges

Today bridge building has gained worldwide importance. Bridges are the key elements in every road network and the use of pre stressed girder bridges is becoming more and more popular in bridge construction due to their better stability, service friendliness, economy and durability, aesthetic and structural appearance. Typically reinforced concrete construction, steel construction or steel composite construction is used. In the case of high spans, reinforced concrete construction is uneconomical due to the larger span. , the cross section is used more efficiently than the reinforced concrete cross section. Pre stressed concrete is used for long span bridges with a span of more than 10 m. Conventionally, when calculating bridges, the superstructure and substructure are analyzed separately. The superstructure is usually a grid made up of main girders, transverse membranes and a deck slab. a grid of linear elements The columns of the main girders are anchored. The superstructure is examined according to IRC 62014 and according to IRC 182000 for unconsidered gravitational loads and moving vehicle loads. Reduction of the stress level and also of the deflection compared to the straight tendon profile. 

by Avinash Kumar Vidyarthi | Dr. P. K. Singhai | Rohit Sahu "Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Girder for Bridges" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46362.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46362/analysis-of-prestressed-concrete-girder-for-bridges/avinash-kumar-vidyarthi

internationaljournalofscience, openaccessjournalofscience, ugcapprovedjournalsforscience 

Performance Evolution of Modified Bituminous Concrete Mix Using Waste Plastic

Generally a bituminous mixture is a mixture of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler and binder. A Hot Mix Asphalt is a bituminous mixture where all constituents are mixed, placed and compacted at high temperature. HMA can be Dense Graded mixes DGM known as Bituminous Concrete BC . Bituminous mix is generally used as a surface course and wearing course in flexible pavements since it is necessary that the wearing course must provide a smooth riding surface that is dense and at the same time take up wear and tear due to traffic. The development of transportation plays an important role in the development of nation. With flexible pavements being widely used in India, steps must be taken to increase the life of the bituminous pavements. Flexible pavements are often plagued with problems of cracking and rutting due to repeated traffic loads. Hence one needs to address these problems in order to improve the performance of flexible pavements. 

by Pankaj Singh | Dr. Rajeev Singh Parihar | Abhay Kumar Jha | Barun Kumar "Performance Evolution of Modified Bituminous Concrete Mix Using Waste Plastic" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46356.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46356/performance-evolution-of-modified-bituminous-concrete-mix-using-waste-plastic/pankaj-singh

ugcapprovedmanagementjournal, openaccessjournalofmanagement, paperpublicationinmanagement

Characterization of Red Mud as a Construction Materials Using with Natural Soil

Soil is very important in civil engineering constructions. The poor engineering properties of the local soils may present many difficulties for construction and therefore need to improve their engineering properties. Stabilization techniques can be used to improve the properties of soil. Soil stabilization improves various engineering properties e.g. bearing capacity, compressibility, strength, and various other properties of soil. In this study the impact of Red Mud to improve the strength of soil. The soil was stabilized with Red Mud in stepped concentration of 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 , 25 and 30 by dry weight of the soil individually. All stabilized soil samples were also cured for 96 hours for CBR test in fully saturated condition. The test results indicate that the addition of Red Mud enhances the percentage of grain size distribution, but with addition of Red Mud till 20 the LL, PL,PI and decreases, while these parameters further increases in this limit beyond i.e. 20 to 30 of Red Mud, but in the case of The optimal percentage of Red Mud at which maximum CBR is achieved is selected, Specific gravity value of Natural Soil is 2.57, but as of Red Mud is increases, specific gravity value decreases gradually from 2.57 to 2.44 with increase in percentage of Red Mud from 0 to 30 and value of raw soil is achieved as 1.85 gm cc at OMC of 13.65 . It got increased to 1.93 gm cc at OMC of 12.30 when Red Mud is increased from 0 to 20 is effective beyond also there is decreasing in MDD from 1.93 gm cc at OMC of 12.30 to 1.89 gm cc at OMC of 13.20 when Red Mud is increased from 20 to 30 . The CBR value increases with the addition of Red Mud till 20 , while it decreases beyond the limit 20 to 30 with addition of Red Mud. For both soaked and unsoaked condition. 

by Sourabh Gupta | Dr. Anil Kumar Saxena "Characterization of Red Mud as a Construction Materials Using with Natural Soil" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46355.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46355/characterization-of-red-mud-as-a-construction-materials-using-with-natural-soil/sourabh-gupta

internationaljournalofmanagement, callforpapermanagement, managementjournal  

A Proactive Maintenance by Using Micro Surfacing for Pavement

The method of mix design for microsurfacing as described by ASTM and ISSA, clearly stated that the methods for mix design should be used only as a guide. Therefore, a more exact method is needed to provide successful mix designs, based on performance related tests included in the design method rather than relying heavily on the experience of the construction crew with these types of treatments. The two method ‘Laboratory method of mixing and curing microsurfacing mixtures TxDOT, 2004 ' and “A Laboratory Investigation on Bitumen Emulsion Mixes” Tipnis and Pandey, 2001 have been tried in the laboratory but there were some limitations to these methods as balling could not stop completely unless a very careful mixing of the mix is taken care off. Therefore, a different mixing methodology of mixing coarse and fine aggregates with emulsion is explored and is explained. where it is found that forming of a ball during the mixing of aggregates with emulsion appeared to have been solved, and no balling was formed.

by Abhay Singh | Dr. Shubha Agrawal "A Proactive Maintenance by Using Micro Surfacing for Pavement" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47722.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47722/a-proactive-maintenance-by-using-micro-surfacing-for-pavement/abhay-singh

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An Experimental Study of Soil Stabilization with Cement and Polymer

The aim of the study was to determine the value of Unconfined compressive strength and CBR values of Soil after stabilizing it with Cement and Polymer. Soil stabilization has been widely used as an alternative to substitute the lack of suitable material on site. The utilization of nontraditional compound stabilizers in soil improvement is developing every day. In this investigation a lab try was led to assess the impacts of waterborne polymer on unconfined pressure quality on sandy soil and CBR Test on clayey soil .The lab tests were performed including grain size of sandy soil, unit weight, and unconfined compressive quality test. The sand and different measures of polymer 2 , 3 , and 4 and concrete 20 , 30 , and 40 were blended in with every one of them into mixture utilizing hand blending in research center conditions. The examples were exposed to unconfined pressure tests to decide their quality following 7 days of restoring. The consequences of the tests showed that the waterborne polymer fundamentally improved the unconfined pressure quality of sandy soils which have weakness of liquefaction. Polymer altered the building properties of soil through physical holding. The amount of polymer required to modify the engineering properties was directly related to specific surface and soil particle coating thickness. Polymer amended soils displayed a reduced performance compared to cement amended soils. 

by Sankalp Jain | Prabhat Kumar Tiwari | Abhay Kumar Jha "An Experimental Study of Soil Stabilization with Cement and Polymer" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, 

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47711.pdf 

Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/47711/an-experimental-study-of-soil-stabilization-with-cement-and-polymer/sankalp-jain

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