Engineering Journal

Sunday, June 13, 2021

Solar Irradiation Prediction using back Propagation and Artificial Neural Network

Solar Energy is one of most promising potential renewable sources of energy. But among all the conventional sources of renewable energy, its nature is quite unpredictable owing to the fact that the solar irradiation keeps on changing and fluctuating. This leads to uncertainty in ascertaining the exact measure of solar power that can be harnessed. Hence forth, a solar irradiation model based on solar irradiation using ANN shall aid in preliminary estimation of the measure of solar power energy that is available for usage incorporating the load dispatch and grid. This proposed work of study puts forward an Artificial Intelligence based model of a Solar Irradiation Forecasting implemented by Artificial Neural Networks ANN . ANN is utilized accredited to its adaptive, data driven and nonlinear nature that exhibits high efficacy in forecasting domains. An endeavor has been also made for solar irradiation forecast using the ANN along with Levenberg Marquardt LM algorithm. The primary reason for using the Levenberg Marquardt algorithm is the fact that is an extremely effective algorithm employing back propagation. The attributes of the algorithm are high stability and speed which yields lesser number of iterations and relatively less magnitude of errors. The evaluation of the proposed system needs to be done on performance specific parameters which in this case are chosen as Mean Absolute Percentage Error MAPE and Regression. Mean absolute percentage error indicates the amount of errors present in the prediction which is to say the deviation between the actual targets and predicted output. Another parameter which validates the mean absolute percentage error is the regression which is a graphical representation of discrete values in the target set and the predicted output. Additional analysis mechanisms such as training states has been also presented which depicts how the mean square error plummets as the number of iterations increase. The variation of mean square error can be seen in training, testing and validation phases. The neural network topology used is 1 20 1 indicating one neuron in the input layer, 20 neurons in the hidden layer and 1 neuron in the output layer respectively. It has been shown that the proposed methodology attains a very good accuracy of approximately 97.74 with the error rate amounting to a meager 2.76 . This model serves to be a robust mechanism and shows good performance. The low error and high accuracy can be attributed to the efficacy of back propagation in Artificial Neural Networks. A comparative analysis is also presented with contemporary work that attains an error of 30 , proving the fact that the proposed system outperforms the contemporary techniques.

by Harendra Kumar Verma | Ashish Bhargava "Solar Irradiation Prediction using back Propagation and Artificial Neural Network"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43673.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electrical-engineering/43673/solar-irradiation-prediction-using-back-propagation-and-artificial-neural-network/harendra-kumar-verma

callforpapereconomics, economicsjournal

Framework for Safety Critical System Software

U R Rao Satellite Centre URSC is the lead centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation in the development and operationalisation of satellites for communication, navigation and remote sensing applications. It also has launched many interplanetary missions. Now execution of â€œGAGANYAANâ€ is planned in phase manner. In the initial phase, test vehicles will be used to demonstrate the abort capability during different phases of mission i.e. development and qualification testing of Crew Escape System CES and recovery. Subsequently, two unmanned flights are planned prior to human spaceflight to demonstrate the manned mission capabilities. As humans are involved software safety plays a critical role. Presently ISRO is having ISRO Software Process Document ISPD based on IEEE 12207 2015 framework for software life cycle activities. For Gaganyaan project considering safety in to picture additional software safety standard is brought out based on DO178C. To develop and certify safety critical software ISRO software control board has brought out the ISRO software safety standard for a transition from mission critical software to safety critical software development. This paper discusses how to incorporate safety and security standard in addition to the existing ISPD standard.

by Savitha. A | Sudeesh B "Framework for Safety Critical System Software"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43652.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/aerospace-engineering/43652/framework-for-safety-critical-system-software/savitha-a

peerreviewedinternationaljournal, callforpaperinugcapprovedjournals, paperpublicationforstudent

Review on Doubling the Rate of SEFDM Systems using Hilbert Pairs

A novel multi carrier technique for spectrally efficient frequency division multiplexing SEFDM system for improving the spectral efficiency is discussed. A Hilbert pair is utilized as pulse shaping filters. At the the Hilbert pulse pair is generated using the square root raised cosine pulse and an equivalent matched filter configuration is utilized to generate the Hilbert pair at receiver. Simulations with different values of compression factor of the SEFDM signals were carried out to verify the data rate gain of the proposed system. The proposed system has no degradation in bit error rate performance with the data rate doubled relative to conventional SEFDM system. For system using turbo coding, there is significant BER improvement compared to uncoded transmission.

by Padmam Kaimal "Review on Doubling the Rate of SEFDM Systems using Hilbert Pairs"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021,

by URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42348.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/42348/review-on-doubling-the-rate-of-sefdm-systems-using-hilbert-pairs/padmam-kaimal

callforpaperpharmacy, pharmacyjournal, internationalpeerreviewedjournal

A Review on Optimal Sizing, Stability Control and Energy Management Techniques for PV and Wind Hybrid AC DC Microgrids

Electricity is humanitys biggest technological gift, because it is used for all. However, in recent years, there has been a paradigm change in the production of electrical electricity from the idea of utilizing large generating plants to minor generating units linked to distribution networks in the form of microgrids using renewable energy sources. Renewable energy usage is increasing across the world, and these alternative energy sources will provide pollution free electrical energy for the community. Despite the fact that there are modern centers and units with decreasing costs, operating and controlling islanded and grid connected microgrids designed in both AC and DC poses several challenges. Hybrid AC DC Microgrids HACDC were created by combining the advantages of AC and DC microgrids. As a result, it is comparatively critical to investigate the optimum scale, stability regulation, and economic quality operating strategies of the HACDC microgrid. As a result, this paper provided a comprehensive analysis of optimum sizing approaches, stability regulation, and energy conservation solutions utilizing various iterative and information techniques published in various papers suggested by numerous authors.

by Reena Upadhyay | Pramod Kumar Rathore "A Review on Optimal Sizing, Stability Control and Energy Management Techniques for PV and Wind (Hybrid) AC/DC Microgrids"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42404.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electrical-engineering/42404/a-review-on-optimal-sizing-stability-control-and-energy-management-techniques-for-pv-and-wind-hybrid-acdc-microgrids/reena-upadhyay

callforpapercommerce, ugcapprovedjournalsincommerce, commercejournal

Experimental Study and Analysis of the Effect of Natural Microbial in Expansive Clayey Soil

In the construction fields, the main characteristic required for the soil is their capacity to resist the super imposed loads safely by a control in stresses and deformations. Among the different types of soils, the construction activities on expansive soils requires adequate care since it was a fine grained soil that shows large volume change when exposed to varying water content.According to various studies, sub grade stabilization in roads can provide significant improvement in engineering properties. Microbial stabilisation is a new and alternative treatment method in geotechnical field by the use of bacteria in soil improvement, which are already naturally present in soils to develop more by providing the nutrients as an energy source. So far the researcher’s has been carried out with Microbial induced calcite precipitation MICP bacteria for the production of calcium precipitates by biological method and have practiced only on the sandy soils. These researches were done on the Experimental Study And Analysis Of The Effect OF Natural Microbial In Expansive Clayey Soil forming a cementious soil matrix.Totally 405 samples were prepared under varying bacterial concentrations of 106, 107 and 108 cfu ml, incubation periods of 1, 3, and 4 days with increasing curing periods of 1,7,14, 28 and 60 days. For each set of test 3 specimens were tested to evaluate the accurate value.For the volume changing nature of clay soil were analysed by conducting the Free Swell Index FSI tests. From the FSI test, the swell got decreased from 85 to 30 for Acetobacter treated soil. Similarly the free swell values are also decreased to 20 for soil treated with Acetobacter and 35 for the soil treated with E.coli at 60 day age curing, 108 cfu ml concentration and 4 day incubation period, as compared with untreated soil.The peak stresses for the 60 days curing period for Acetobacter, Bacillus and E.coli bacteria are410 kPa, 521 kPa and 341 kPa respectively. As the curing period increases the UCS value of Bacillus improved more than Acetobacter and E.coli at 60 day age and with 108 cfu ml concentration. The UCS strength of Bacillus bacteria treated soil was 4.5 times greater than the untreated soil strength when compared with Acetobacter and E.coli.For the CBR tests on treated soils, Acetobacter, Bacillus and E.coli were mixed with soil in varying concentrations ie, 106, 107 and 108cfu ml with incubation periods 1, 3, and 4 days and tested after curing the samples for 60 days to know the effect of long term treatment. California Bearing Ratio of soil increases to 6.7 , 8.2 and 5.9 respectively after 60 days curing from a value 2.3 with Acetobacter, Bacillus and E.coli and the concentrations of 108cfu ml and 4 day incubation period

by Rishav Sharma | Prof. Nitesh Kushwaha "Experimental Study and Analysis of the Effect of Natural Microbial in Expansive Clayey Soil"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42332.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/42332/experimental-study-and-analysis-of-the-effect-of-natural-microbial-in-expansive-clayey-soil/rishav-sharma

callforpaperbiologicalscience, biologicalsciencejournal

Planning, Scheduling and Allocation of Resources for Multi storeyed Structure using Primevera Software

Any development undertaking regardless beginnings with the Layout of the structure or construction followed by Design and Analysis of the construction which is prevailing by cost assessment and making arrangements for the said project. This undertaking includes the format, plan, examination, arranging and cost assessment of a G 4 private structure situated in BicholiMardana, Indore. Primavera P6 has been utilized for arranging the different exercises that encompass the development of a structure. Utilizing primavera we had the option to detail a functioning timetable and furthermore an advancement bar for steady checking of the venture. Utilizing primavera we had the option to allot different assets just as obligations on different individuals identified with the different phases of the venture there by expanding responsibility. The term of the venture utilizing primavera has been determined to be around 374 days which likewise incorporates occasions. The advancement and the connection between different exercises has likewise been appeared as an enlivened Gantt Chart. This graph likewise helps the Project supervisor to disclose to his customers the different perspectives just as progress of the undertaking. The quote for the venture has been determined utilizing Center Line Method in Microsoft Excel. For the Abstract expense CPWD Schedule of rates has been followed and an absolute expense of Rs 5,733,000 has been determined.

by Nitin Mukesh Bhalla | Mr. Ravindra Raj "Planning, Scheduling and Allocation of Resources for Multi-storeyed Structure using Primevera Software"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42599.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/42599/planning-scheduling-and-allocation-of-resources-for-multistoreyed-structure-using-primevera-software/nitin-mukesh-bhalla

callforpapermathematics, mathematicsjournal, ugcapprovedjournalsinmathemetics

Adulteration of Natural Fibers

This experimental study mainly focuses on increasing Mechanical properties of the composite by Adulteration of natural fibres Coir and Hemp. Different combinations of the fibres within the optimum level are tested, evaluated and compared such that to obtain best combination that enhances the mechanical properties like flexural, tensile and impact properties. For Fabrication of composite, Hand layup method is used. The tests on the specimen are carried according to the ASTM Standards. SEM Scanning Electron Microscope is used to carry out the INTERFACIAL ANALYSIS such that to study micro structural behaviour and to find out the causes of failure NOMENCLATURE The detailed view about the ADULTERATION OF NATURAL FIBERS and it’s working principles.