Utilization of Melon and Snail Shell Waste Mixtures in the Carburization of Mild Steel

As long as industrial and agricultural activities go on, wastes will continue to be generated. In view of this, wastes recycling/or conversion to other reusable materials that can be utilize by another industrial set-up is fast receiving worldwide attention. In this research work, the assessment of the suitability of melon and snail shell wastes mixtures in enhancing the surface hardness of mild steel via the pack carburization method has been investigated. 

The carburization process was carried out at the temperatures of 9000C, 9200C and 940oC for the soaking times of 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes respectively, and then quenched in water toharden. Thereafter, they were tempered at 2500Cfor 1 hour to relieve the residual stresses introduced into the steel specimens as a result of quenching. Standard method was adopted to determine the surface hardness of the carburized and un-carburized test specimens. 

Micro-structure examination was also performed using standard metallographic techniques to observe the microstructures formed. The results of the study showed increase in the surface hardness of all the carburized steel specimens in the different carburizing media. The steel specimens carburized with 80% snail shell wastes plus 20% melon shell wastes mixture had higher hardness values than those carburized with 100% snail shell wastes only. The maximum surface hardness values of 118VHN, 128VHN and 129VHN were obtained at thecarburizing temperatures of 9000C, 9200C and 9400C respectively, for the soaking time of 60 minutes with thespecimens carburized with snail and melon shell wastes mix. 

It was observed that theprocess variables (temperature and soaking time) significantly impacted on the quantity of carbon absorbed at the steel surface as depicted by the surface hardness values. The results of the research work have established the viability of melon and snail shell wastes mixture as an alternative source of carburizers in enhancing the surface hardness of mild steel. 

By Adzor, S. Abella | Ihom, P. Aondona | Edibo, S."Utilization of Melon and Snail Shell Waste Mixtures in the Carburization of Mild Steel"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11353.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/industrial-engineering/11353/utilization-of-melon-and-snail-shell-waste-mixtures-in-the-carburization-of-mild-steel/adzor-s-abella

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Biosynthesis of Eco-Friendly Silver Nano-Particles: The Efficiency of Fresh Leaves and Dried Leaves in the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Biosynthesis of Eco-friendly Silver Nano-Particles: The Efficiency of Fresh Leaves and Dried Leaves in the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles was studied. The work started with the sourcing and preparation of the dried and fresh leave extracts, which was followed by the preparation of 0.01M AgNO3 solution. The biosynthesis process was carried out for 1 hr. however, for the production of the AgNPs for analysis and characterization; the biosynthesis process was allowed to continue for 24 hours, after which it was filtered and the residue on the filter paper was dried in the oven at 110oC to remove water from the particles. 

The chemical composition of the AgNPs was analysed using ED-XRF. The result showed 71.8% Ag2O; the oxygen must have been surface-attached and not chemically attached in the structure of the particles. Qualitative analysis using laser light pointer, observation of precipitates formation and colour change were used to establish NPs formation. During the biosynthesis process both the measured pH and electronic conductivity of the solutions changed; indicating that reduction process was going on. 

The work clearly and concisely showed that the four dried leaves extracts (azadirachtaindica,telfairiaoccidentalis, vernoniaamydalina, and camellia sinensis) used produced better NPs in terms of quantity and quality than their fresh leaves extract counterparts. A. indica fresh leave extract was however, better than the other two fresh leaves of telfairiaoccidentalis and vernoniaamydalina. 

The heavy and thick chlorophyll may have interfered in the effectiveness of the fresh leaves. This is because the dried leaves extract had less chlorophyll and were very effective in reducing silver ions to Ag0 nanoparticles in AgNO3 solution. 

By Ihom P. Aondona | Godwin EdemEssien | Otobong Simeon Thompson"Biosynthesis of Eco-Friendly Silver Nano-Particles: The Efficiency of Fresh Leaves and Dried Leaves in the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11352.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/aerospace-engineering/11352/biosynthesis-of-eco-friendly-silver-nano-particles-the-efficiency-of-fresh-leaves-and-dried-leaves-in-the-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles/ihom-p-aondona

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A Competent Multi-Keyword Exploration Scheme over Encrypted Data in Cloud

Cloud computing is an emerging technology in the present scenario which enhances enormous data storage and its processing. Various issues are present in maintaining the cloud environment. Some among them include data privacy and data confidentiality faced by the data owners while storing their private data onto the cloud. The domain of Data mining mainly helps in efficient retrieval of the content stored in the public space using various retrieval methods. Generally, in cloud, the data privacy is provided by outsourcing the files in encrypted form before being uploaded. 

This creates more demand in server side data utilization i.e., searching on encrypted files from the cloud. As of now the retrieval is made productive through keyword based search. Most recent works focus on the single keyword provided as queries in the search process. In the keyword ranked search, it had been difficult to store when the number of keywords are more. 

In the work carried out below, an efficient and reliable multi-keyword search method called K-Gram search is developed. Using K-gram it is possible to retrieve more than one file i.e., related files to the keyword searched, productively relative to misspelled keywords too. In addition the user behavior is too monitored from the start for enhancing keyword search and it also ensures proper confidentiality via access confirmation through secret keys. 

The system thus tends to provide more chances for tackling data privacy and confidentiality issues. It can also achieve sub linear search time thereby increasing the query processing and accuracy in keyword search. 

By Saranya K | Manohari J | Haripriya H"A Competent Multi-Keyword Exploration Scheme over Encrypted Data in Cloud"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11243.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/11243/a-competent-multi-keyword-exploration-scheme-over-encrypted-data-in-cloud/saranya-k

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Avoiding Data Piracy in Artworks using Blockchain

With the tremendous development of internet, we can share any media from anywhere in the world. This paved the way for data sharing illegally '“ pirated versions of data shared among persons. In our proposed system, the original data (use case taken '“ Song) will be embedded with a hash value (SHA-256) and then deployed to Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) and shared through Ethereum Blockchain, enabling deployed data unaltered. The IPFS returns a 46-bit length hash for each of the file being upload. 

Usage of Ethereum blockchain ensures each and every transaction cryptographically hashed and logged. Also, the data deployed on IPFS sharable but with hidden hash identity for each of it, which is not known by the person who gets that data. The owner of the original data thus shares the data and will be having the log maintaining hash identity for each of the person to whom the data owner shares. 

The IPFS storage enables Peer to Peer (P2P) data transfer through decentralized network. The person will be given the IPFS hash to download the data. When the data if pirated is known to the owner, he computes the hash value from the pirated version and identifies the person pirated that data and avoids sharing data to that person next time 

By Arun Kumar G | Hariharan A | Ms D Sasikala"Avoiding Data Piracy in Artworks using Blockchain"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11244.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/11244/avoiding-data-piracy-in-artworks-using-blockchain/arun-kumar-g

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Present Scenario and Technical Review of Smart Grid in India

Smart grid is in its developing stage in India. National Smart Grid Mission (NSGM) was propelled by Ministry of Power, that designs and screens approaches and programs for improvement and sending of keen matrix in India. Aggregate of 14 pilot tasks and 1 brilliant city project are declared. The objective set by country is to accomplish sustainable power source age of 175 GW by 2022. This exhibits the power framework organizers with a test to guarantee access for prosumers to present day vitality which is ecologically, institutionally and financially manageable. 

The draining fuel assets, breaking down ecological conditions and consistently expanding power requests make up and coming the modernization of the power transmission and conveyance systems. Further, savvy lattice approaches embraced worldwide are portrayed and a short survey of different continuous ventures in India and standards set by Indian government for the actualizing organization of cutting edge metering foundation (AMI) is introduced. 

The thought behind 'Savvy Grid Vision for India' is tochange the Indian power division into a safe, versatile, feasible, and carefully empowered biological community that gives dependable and quality vitality to all with dynamic interest of partners. The principle goal of this specialized paper is to underline the present situation of those chose Smart Grid pilots in India, including proposed best in class Technology Integration. 

By Rahul Yadav | Mr. Kushaldeep Sharma | Dr. Deepika Chauhan"Present Scenario and Technical Review of Smart Grid in India"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11189.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11189/present-scenario-and-technical-review-of-smart-grid-in-india/rahul-yadav

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Thermal Energy Production From Closed Geothermal Reservoirs

Energy crisis about the apple and accomplishing of alleged Package 3x20 area one of its demands aimed at accretion the allotment of renewable activity sources in all-embracing balance, aftereffect in a cogent access in the absorption in geothermal energy, and appropriately in the assembly of electricity from geothermal sources. Unfortunately, in Poland and the Czech Republic we are ambidextrous mainly with low and boilerplate temperature deposits, which are acclimated primarily for heating and leisure facilities. 

The use of accessible sources for electricity assembly requires a alternation of tests and analyses - geological and engineering. It is account advance in this blazon of band-aid because electricity acquired from geothermal activity has a low appulse on the ambiance and, in adverse to added renewable sources of energy, is abiding during the day and accessible throughout the year. The capital purpose of the commodity is to outline the belief of geothermal ability plants location. 

The capital factors free access on area of geothermal ability plants are: the temperature and the accommodation of the source, the abyss of assets accessible and the amount of mineralization of baptize sources as able-bodied as their efficiency. Moreover, the abeyant locations for bifold geothermal ability bulb conception in Poland has as well been outlined. 

By Bhupesh Saini | Mr. Mayank Sharma"Thermal Energy Production From Closed Geothermal Reservoirs"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11122.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11122/thermal-energy-production-from-closed-geothermal-reservoirs/bhupesh-saini

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Hybrid Power Generation System Using Solar -Wind Energy: A Review

All traditional energy resources are decreasing day by day. That's why we have to change from conventional to non-conventional energy resources. The most popular renewable energy technology is the Hybrid Power System. This system involves the integration of two energy systems which will provide continuous power. Solar panels are used for converting solar energy and wind power turbines are used to convert wind energy into electricity. 

From the voltage panel of the wind energy conversion system and photovoltaic panels, these DC voltages are separated separately from the DC voltages, connected to the freely controlled and common DC bus and from there it is inverted. The goal of the proposed strategy is to meet the demand of the required electricity, with an added advantage of smoothing those differences of renewable powers without using energy storage. 

By Rajkumar Yadev | Mr. Mayank Sharma"Hybrid Power Generation System Using Solar -Wind Energy: A Review"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11115.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/11115/hybrid-power-generation-system-using-solar--wind-energy-a-review/rajkumar-yadev

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