Engineering Journal

Monday, July 6, 2020

SEM and EDX Analysis of Waste Paper Sludge Ash and Cement

In Sivakasi, India, large volume of paper sludge is discharging from paper mill daily. These discarded paper sludge is clogging the pores of the land, when it is disposed over the land and thus creating the environmental pollution and illness to the peoples. Therefore, it is planned to examine the possibilities to utilize the waste paper sludge ash for the manufacturing of concrete in the construction industries for the replacement of cement. In this works, it is planned to perform the SEM and EDX analysis for the paper sludge ash obtained from paper mill. It contains. On the basis of the results obtained by performing the SEM and EDX analysis, it was observed that the size of the waste paper sludge ash is less than 50Âµ and the waste paper sludge ash contains large amount of oxides of calcium, silica and aluminium. The components and their proportions of the minerals of the waste paper sludge ash is very resembles with the cement. Hence, it is suggested that the waste paper sludge ash could be replaced for the partial replacement of cement for making concrete. Also, the size of the waste paper sludge ash is less than size of the cement particles and therefore it helps to improve the durability performance of concrete.

by R. Murugaboopathy "SEM and EDX Analysis of Waste Paper Sludge Ash and Cement"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32963.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/32963/sem-and-edx-analysis-of-waste-paper-sludge-ash-and-cement/r-murugaboopathy

callforpapercommerce, ugcapprovedjournalsincommerce, commercejournal

Text and Object Recognition using Deep Learning for Visually Impaired People

the main aim of this paper is to aid the visually impaired people with object detection and text detection using deep learning. Object detection is done using a convolution neural network and text recognition is done by optical character recognition. The detected output is converted into speech using text to the speech synthesizer. Object detection comprises of two methods. One is object localization and the other is image classification. Image classification refers to the prediction of classes of different objects within an image. Object localization infers the location of objects using bounding boxes.

by R. Soniya | B. Mounica | A. Joshpin Shyamala | Mr. D. Balakumaran "Text and Object Recognition using Deep Learning for Visually Impaired People"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31508.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/31508/text-and-object-recognition-using-deep-learning-for-visually-impaired-people/r-soniya

callforpaperarts, artsjournal, peerreviewedjournal

Sunday, July 5, 2020

Earthquake Resistant of RCC Structures

Earthquake is a series of vibrations on the earth surface caused by seismic waves due to rupture during this accumulated strain energy released. By this shaking of the ground caused by sudden breaking in the sections. It may cause great damage and collapse of the buildings and other manmade structures etc. so, the design of the earthquake resistant structures is very important to safe the lives and economy of the country. To reduce the risks and damages to the rcc structures. The main cause for the earthquake is breaking between the two rocks. Earthquakes are occurs due to sudden movement of tectonic plates . which creates gap between the two sections. It is also responsible for various other disasters like landslides, avalanches, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions etc. the common cause of earthquakes are due to volcanic cause and another one is tectonic cause. These are most common cause for the earthquakes.In this paper author is explaining about earthquake and resistance and various retrofitting strategies used.

by Gomasa Ramesh | Doddipati Srinath | Mandala Sheshu Kumar "Earthquake Resistant of RCC Structures"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33004.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/33004/earthquake-resistant-of-rcc-structures/gomasa-ramesh

callforpaperpapersinjournals, multidisciplinaryjournal

Repair and Strengthening of Damaged RC Beams using Ferrocement Laminates

The deterioration of concrete structures might be due to ageing, poor maintenance, corrosion due to poor environmental conditions and accidental situations like earthquakes. The need to upgrade the deteriorated civil engineering infrastructure greatly enhances with the ever increasing demands. Therefore rehabilitating and retrofitting civil engineering infrastructure has been identified as important issue to be addressed. In this research paper, the methods of strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using ferrocement laminates are reviewed. Investigation into the methods of anchorage of the ferrocement laminates in the strengthened beams, methods of increasing the ultimate load of the original beams using ferrocement laminate and control the cracking behavior of the beams and the effect of the damage of the original beams prior for repair are examined. The results show that the strengthened beams have performed better in cracking behavior, reduction in mid span deflection and increased in the ultimate load and the pre cracked beams prior to repair did not affect the ultimate loads of the strengthened beams tested. A large number of civil infrastructures around the world are in a state of serious deterioration today due to carbonation, chloride attack, etc. Moreover many civil structures are no longer considered safe due to increase load specifications in the design codes or due to overloading or due to under design of existing structures or due to lack of quality control. In order to maintain efficient serviceability, older structures must be repaired or strengthened so that they meet the same requirements demanded of structures built today and in future. It is becoming both environmentally and economically preferable to repair or strengthen the structures rather than replacement, particularly if rapid, effective and simple strengthening methods are available 1 3 . Different types of cement based materials are available in market for that job. However due to higher tensile strength to weight ratio and a degree of toughness, ductility, durability and cracking resistance that is considerably greater than those found in other conventional cement based materials Ferrocement, is ideally suited as an alternative strengthening component for the rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures 4 7 . According to the ACI Committee 549, Ferrocement is a type of thin wall reinforced concrete commonly constructed of hydraulic cement mortal reinforced with closely spaced layers of continuous and relatively small wire diameter mesh. Paramasivam et al. 8 reported that the purpose of the fine mesh was simply for crack control and was not relied upon to contribute to the structural strength of the member. Ferrocement laminates with skeletal bar can take significant role in strengthening reinforced concrete beams. For flexural strengthening, the ferrocement laminates were cast onto the soffit tension face of the beams without any change in width of the beams. In this study, the strengthening of simply supported reinforced concrete beams using ferrocement laminate attached onto the soffit was investigated.

by R. Murugaboopathy "Repair and Strengthening of Damaged RC Beams using Ferrocement Laminates"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32966.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/32966/repair-and-strengthening-of-damaged-rc-beams-using-ferrocement-laminates/r-murugaboopathy

callforpaperarts, artsjournal, peerreviewedjournal

Tree Protection on Construction Site Knowledge and Perception of Polish Professionals

The construction industry is the second largest industry of the country after agriculture. Construction activity is an integral part of country’s infrastructure and industrial development and is poised for further growth on account of industrialization, urbanization, economic development and people’s rising expectations for improved quality of living. It includes hospitals, schools, townships, offices, houses and other buildings urban infrastructure including water supply, sewerage, drainage highways, roads, ports, railways, airports, power systems irrigation and agriculture systems, telecommunications, etc. Building foundations, sidewalks, sewer lines, and roads can cause numerous changes in the environment. Post construction landscaping such as installing underground sprinklers, laying sod grass, and planting flowers and shrubs can further change the environment. Many of these changes can be devastating to trees. Appropriate engineering and natural compensation solutions can often prevent the common problems of tree damage, dieback or removal and are essential during the execution of construction works that expose trees to particular stresses.The discussion of engineering solutions, such as isolation of the root system zone, education of workers, etc. is provided in this paper. In this case study, the major focus is on the awareness of the people for tree protection at construction site and a survey to know the thoughts of experts, experienced, students over in the form of a survey.

by Sakshee Singh | Rakesh Sakale | Hirendra Pratap Singh "Tree Protection on Construction Site - Knowledge and Perception of Polish Professionals"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32995.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/32995/tree-protection-on-construction-site--knowledge-and-perception-of-polish-professionals/sakshee-singh

callforpaperchemistry, chemistryjournal, openaccessjournalofchemistry

Real Time Number Plate Recognition

In the era of fast growing technologies, there is a huge demand among people for a comfortable lifestyle and travelling. In the last few years, the number of vehicles on road has been explosively grown. With the increasing growth in the vehicular sector every day, the need to track individual vehicle becomes a very challenging task. The proposed project suggests an automated way of tracking the fast moving vehicles with the help of the surveillance cameras on the road. One of the tedious step towards this project is to process the CCTV footage in the real time background. To overcome this strategy, an efficient deep learning framework particularly meant for object detection named YOLO You Only Look Once is used. The proposed work consists of four main steps. The first process is to convert the video footage into images and detect the car from each of the frames. The next step is to detect the license plate from the detected cars. Reading and recognizing the number plate characters from the detected number plates form the final step. To make the process of training the deep learning model easier, this system uses ImageAI library. It provides very efficient and easy to use classes to perform image recognition tasks. This system uses a customized dataset of 1000 images specifically containing Tamil Nadu license plate images. These images are taken under distinct light conditions and contradictory angles. The proposed method is tested in real time environment and achieved 97 accuracy for car detection, 98 accuracy for number plate localization and 90 accuracy for character recognition.

by P. Harini | K. Harish | V. Gnanaprakash "Real Time Number Plate Recognition"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31872.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/31872/real-time-number-plate-recognition/p-harini

peerreviewedinternationaljournal, callforpaperinugcapprovedjournals, paperpublicationforstudent

SiC MOSFET and IGBT Hybrid Shunt Active Filter and its Application on a 10 KVA Harmonic Load System

This paper introduces a energy efficient, cost effective hybrid shunt active filter SAF concept and it application on a 10 kVA harmonic load system, with current harmonic rejection capability compared to IGBT based SAF solutions. Normally, IGBT based Shunt Active Filter designs face difficulty in higher order harmonics mitigations due to restricted switching frequency of operation typically limited to 10 kHz . In this paper, a hybrid shunt active filter HSAF solution is introduced where one IGBT based inverter removes lower order harmonics 5th and 7th and a SiC MOSFET based inverter removes the other higher order harmonics 11th, 13thâ€¦ . The IGBT is rated for 90 of the total load kVA rating but is switched at 5 kHz switching frequency. On the other hand, SiC MOSFET based inverter is rated for a small percentage of total kVA load but is switched at 30 kHz to remove the higher order harmonics more effectively. The introduced concept is verified by simulation results.