Smart Technology: A Primer

Everyday use of technology has evolved. The combination of availability, accessibility affordability, and ease of use has made smart technologies indispensable tools in everyday business, economy, medicine, and politics. These technologies imbed computer chips that gather information and respond within a range of preset parameter. Smart technologies will they change the world in the same way as the industrial revolution. This paper provides a primer on smart

technologies.

BY Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Adedamola A. Omotoso | Sarhan M. Musa "Smart Technology: A Primer"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29511.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29511/smart-technology-a-primer/matthew-n-o-sadiku

ugc approved journals for engineering, manuscript submission, paper publication for engineering

Effects of Agricultural Extension Services on the Performance of Members of Women Agricultural Cooperatives in South East, Nigeria

This study dwelt on Effects of Agricultural Extension Services on the Performance of Members of Women Agricultural Cooperatives in Southeast Nigeria. Nigerian agricultural system has not been living up to expectation, despite the wide range of programmes, policies and approaches that have been formulated for its enhancement and sustenance. Multistage random sampling technique was adopted to select 399 respondents of the women agricultural cooperative members. Primary data was sourced through the use of structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 23 and strata 14 software. The descriptive statistics used include frequency distribution table, simple percentages, weighted mean and mean threshold of five point likert scale measure while inferential statistics used include regression, and ANOVA, which were used for the test of hypotheses formulated. The result of hypothesis one revealed that the socioeconomic characteristics of the members of the women agricultural cooperative have significant influence on the use of extension services with Age 2.07 ,level of education 3.39 ,main occupation 2.46 and income 3.25.Hypotheses 2 and 3 also revealed that the level of use of agricultural extension services have significant effect on the women's income and output performance indices with F statistics value of 107.42 ,72.11 and r 0.4622,0.3658 respectively. It is recommended that women farmers need education and training for better understanding of extension services and programmes which will provide assistance to them, for improved agricultural production. Women agricultural cooperative members need training on financial inclusion that they can use all available sources of credit for enhancement of agricultural activities and this will boost food security in the Southeast and Nigeria in general. 

BY Okafor I. P. | Umebali E. E "Effects of Agricultural Extension Services on the Performance of Members of Women Agricultural Cooperatives in South East, Nigeria"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29544.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/29544/effects-of-agricultural-extension-services-on-the-performance-of-members-of-women-agricultural-cooperatives-in-south-east-nigeria/okafor-i-p

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Selection of Material for Improving Heat Transfer Rate for Fins using CFD

Fins are the extended surface jutting from a surface or body and which they are meant for increasing the heat transfer rate between the surfaces by increasing area for heat transfer. Heat flow in a system depends on three factors 1 area of the surface 2 temperature distinction and 3 the convective heat transfer coefficient. Rate of heat transfer can be magnified by enhancing any one of these factors. Out of these, the bottom surface area is restricted attributable to the design of the object temperature distinction depends on process and having process limitations. The sole alternative seems to be the convection heat transfer constant and this may not be magnified on the far side a certain worth. Therefore the potential choice is to extend the base surface area by the extended surfaces additionally called fins. Fins are therefore used whenever the obtainable surface area is found inadequate to transfer needed amount of heat with obtainable temperature gradient and heat transfer coefficient. In the case of fins the direction of heat transfer by convection is perpendicular to the direction of conduction heat flow. Present research work is devoted to the investigations of better fin material for an internal combustion engine. For this investigation help of simulation approach is being taken. Preceding in the direction of research, first of all a model of existing internal combustion engine was prepared. In next stage, along with existing material Al204 different materials, aluminnium alloy 7075, magnesium and beryllium, were also introduced in the model and thermal analysis was done on popular software ANSYS 15.0, under which three parameters were investigated, heat flux, directional heat flux and average temperature. Following are the details of conclusion drawn. 1. Beryllium shows itself most suitable material for the internal combustion fin application 2. Aluminum 7075 shows itself second most suitable material for the internal combustion fin application and 3. Aluminum 204 shows itself worst material for the internal combustion fin application. 

BY Abhishek Kumar | Shreeram Barkhane "Selection of Material for Imp
roving Heat Transfer Rate for Fins using CFD"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29519.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29519/selection-of-material-for-improving-heat-transfer-rate-for-fins-using-cfd/abhishek-kumar

international journals in engineering, engineering journal, conference issue publication

Study on use of Red Mud with RBI Grade 81 in Black Cotton Soil to Enhancing the Properties of Sub Grade and Base Layer of Re Wall and Semi Rigid Pavement

Soil is very important in civil engineering constructions. The poor engineering properties of the local soils may present many difficulties for construction and therefore need to improve their engineering properties. Stabilization techniques can be used to improve the properties of soil. Soil stabilization improves various engineering properties e.g. bearing capacity, compressibility, strength, and various other properties of soil. In this study the impact of Red Mud to improve the strength of soil.An effective stabilizer i.e. RBI Grade 81 polymer used as an chemical additive and can also be used in sub grade, sub base and base layer.The industrial waste like Fly Ash, Stone Dust, Red Mud etc. can be used with RBI Grade 81 as stabilizer to reduce the cost. The strength has been compared on the basis of CBR for virgin soil and soil with red mud with RBI grade un soaked and soaked conditions.The result implies that when sub grade is reinforced with Red mud and RBI grade 81 its CBR increases as for virgin soil and it increases for un soaked and Soked condition.Red Mud and RBI grade 81 has a good potential to reduce the cost of pavement layers if weak sub grade is encountered on the alignment.

BY Abhishek Kumar Thakur | Prof. Nitesh Kushwaha "Study on use of Red Mud with RBI Grade 81 in Black Cotton Soil to Enhancing the Properties of Sub Grade & Base Layer of Re Wall and Semi Rigid Pavement"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29542.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29542/study-on-use-of-red-mud-with-rbi-grade-81-in-black-cotton-soil-to-enhancing-the-properties-of-sub-grade-and-base-layer-of-re-wall-and-semi-rigid-pavement/abhishek-kumar-thakur

submit paper online, international journals in engineering, engineering journal

Study on PropertieStudy on Properties of Self Compacting Concrete with Glass Powder and Steel Slags of Self Compacting Concrete with Glass Powder and Steel Slag

Cement concrete possesses the most significant job in the field of common building. Cement is the most significant part in Concrete which ties the Totals together, however its creation is very vitality expending and adds to about 7 of Greenhouse gases, all around, and it is evaluated that the generation of one ton of Cement produces about 0.9 huge amounts of CO2, which is discharged in nature. The fine total or sand utilized are typically acquired from common sources exceptionally stream beds or waterway banks. Presently a day because of steady sand mining the characteristic sand is exhausting at a disturbing rate. Along these lines, there is a need to discover option in contrast to common sand and concrete. The endeavors have been made to fractional supplanting of sand with Granular Steel Slag G.S.S and bond with Waste Glass Powder W.G.P in view to diminish ecological issues like contamination, consumption of common assets and issues in squander the executives. Granular Steel Slag G.S.S which is a result of steel making is delivered during the partition of the liquid steel from debasements in steel production heaters. The Slag happens as a liquid fluid soften and is an unpredictable arrangement of silicates and oxides that cements after cooling. Expansion of steel slag improves the mechanical properties of cement. Squander Glass Powder W.G.P is a valuable mechanical squander. It shows pozzolanic conduct when the molecule size is under 75µ. The pozzolanic properties might be ascribed to the high measure of silica. The particles of Glass Powder are fine, filling voids between bond grains which brings about additional solid Concrete. Fine aggregate was incompletely supplanted with 25 , half and 75 Granular Steel Slag G.S.S and bond supplanted with 20 steady Waste Glass Powder W.G.P for M20 grade concrete. Tests were performed for crisp and mechanical properties of concrete at 7, 28 an

d 56 days and the outcomes appeared there is a steady increase in qualities from 25 to half of substitution.

BY Shaik. Shajahan | Dr. P. Balakrishna "Study on Properties of Self Compacting Concrete with Glass Powder and Steel Slag"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29524.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29524/study-on-properties-of-self-compacting-concrete-with-glass-powder-and-steel-slag/shaik-shajahan

ugc approved journals for engineering, manuscript submission, paper publication for engineering

Study on the Investigation of the Effect of Additive Methanol on Performance and Exhaust Emission of a SI Engine - A Review

Internal combustion engines have become recently in attention due the strict regulations regarding the environmental protection, emissions and to reduce the dependency of the fossil fuels. One choice is the use of methanol as it can be produce from renewable sources and blended with gasoline in any proportion. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of methanol ' gasoline blends regarding engine performance and exhaust emissions. The gasoline is fossil fuel which is limited in reserving causes varieties of study in search of alternative fuel for SI engine, where ethanol promises best alternative fuel. Five different blends M5, M10, M15, M20 and M25 were tested in a single cylinder spark ignition engine. The experimental results in engine performance show a decrease of torque and power up to 10 and in emissions characteristics a CO, CO2, HC. It can be concluded that methanol gasoline blends are viable option to be used in gasoline engines to replace partially the fossil fuel. 

BY Win Ko Ko Htike | Sandar Aung "Study on the Investigation of the Effect of Additive Methanol on Performance and Exhaust Emission of a SI Engine - A Review"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29505.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29505/study-on-the-investigation-of-the-effect-of-additive-methanol-on-performance-and-exhaust-emission-of-a-si-engine-%E2%80%93-a-review/win-ko-ko-htike

call for paper engineering, special issue publication, open access journal of engineering

Seismic Analysis and Design of Vertically Irregular Mutistoried RC Concrete Building using Staad Pro V8i

This paper is concerned with the effects of a variety of vertical irregularities on the seismic response of a structure. The objective of the project is to carry out Response spectrum analysis RSA and Time history Analysis THA of vertically irregular RC building frames and to carry out the ductility based design using IS 13920 corresponding to Equivalent static study and Time history analysis. Comparison of the results of analysis and design of irregular structures with regular structure was done. The scope of the project also includes the evaluation of response of structures subjected to high, low and intermediate frequency content earthquakes using Time history analysis. Three types of irregularities namely mass irregularity, stiffness irregularity and vertical geometry irregularity were measured. According to our examination the storey shear force was found to be maximum for the first storey and it decreases to minimum in the peak storey in all cases. The mass irregular structures were observed to occurrence larger base shear than similar regular structures. The stiffness irregular structure experienced lesser base shear and has larger inter storey drifts. The total displacements obtained from time history analysis of geometry irregular structure at respective nodes were found to be larger than that in case of regular structure for high stories but steadily as we moved to lower stories displacements in both structures tended to congregate. Lower stiffness results in higher displacements of upper stories. In case of a mass irregular structure, time history analysis gives a little higher displacement for upper stories than that in regular structures whereas as we move down lower stories show higher displacements as compared to that in regular structures. When time history analysis was done for regular as well as stiffness irregular structure, it was found that displacements of upper stories did not vary much from each other but as we moved down to lower stories the total displacement in case of soft storey were higher compared to respective stories in regular structure. High structures were found to have low natural frequency hence their response was found to be maximum in a low frequency earthquake. It is because low natural frequency of tall structures subjected to low frequency earthquake leads to resonance resulting in larger displacements. If a high rise structure low natural frequency is subjected to high frequency ground motion then it results in small displacements. Similarly, if a low rise structure high natural frequency is subjected to high frequency ground motion it results in larger displacements whereas small displacements arise when the high rise structure is subjected to low frequency ground motion. 

BY Anjali Raw | Ashish Verma "Seismic Analysis and Design of Vertically Irregular Mutistoried RC Concrete Building using Staad Pro V8i"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29518.pdf 

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29518/seismic-analysis-and-design-of-vertically-irregular-mutistoried-rc-concrete-building-using-staad-pro-v8i/anjali-raw

international journals in engineering, engineering journal, conference issue publication