Landfills are highly engineering containment systems, designed to minimize the impact of soiled waste on the environment and human health. In case of economically developing countries the design of a liner varies, that depends upon number of factors such as potential of the landfill polluting the land and water environments, the local hydrogeology and meteorology, and the availability of suitable materials and monetary resourced.
Landfill is a land disposal site for waste and its Preparation, management and control must be of the highest standard to minimize the risks to human health and the environment. Well-constructed and maintained landfills are safer than open dumping sites. Landfill liners are exposed to various types of physical, chemical and biological processes which gets affected by leach ate produced from the decomposition of waste dumps.
The aim is to avoid any hydraulic connection between the wastes and the surrounding environment, particularly groundwater. To ensure this, the important characteristics for compacted landfill liners are selection of materials, hydraulic conductivity, strength, compressibility and contaminant retention capacity. Compacted clay liners are of low cost, large leach ate attenuation capacity and resistance to damage.
Natural clay is often fractured and cracked and due to non-availability of suitable soil at a site, it is necessary to mix imported clay materials with industrial wastes to achieve a suitable material. Usually soil, which is rich in clay minerals is used for compacted liner materials. But instead of clay, mixture of expansive soil such as bentonite with fly ash can be used as compacted liner materials for their low hydraulic conductivity which is required to be less than 1.00×10^ -7 cm sec. Bentonite was mixed with fly ash in 2,4 8,12,16, and 20 by dry weight.
By Er Anu | Javed Iqbal "Coal Ash-Bentonite Mixture as Landfill Liner"
Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018,
URL:
http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18752.pdf
Direct Link:
http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/18752/coal-ash-bentonite-mixture-as-landfill-liner/er-anu
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The smart phone users are growing day by day because of the dynamic and user friendly interactive applications. The internet is the base for smart phone users and presently we have 4G technology and expecting 5G in coming years. As for analysis the 5G mobile technology greatly increases communication capacity in large amount of spectrum in the millimeter wave bands. The paper describes the basic fundamentals of the antenna used for the coming 5G technology. This paper describes millimeter wave antenna design for future 5G wireless system. The paper review objectives of millimeter wave antenna for 5G. 
