Assessment of Sulphur Dioxide Levels in Selected Sites in Athi River, Kenya

Industrialization, economic growth, urbanization and population growth have been responsible for air pollution in developing countries. The discharge of harmful chemicals and increased combustion of fossil fuels, affect both the physical environment and the public health. Air pollution effects are both acute and chronic on human health, ranging from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung cancer, acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults. A study was conducted to assess the effect of sulfur dioxide on air quality at three sites in Athi River town, Kenya which included one non-industrial site.

The air samples were collected by scrubbing them through appropriate trapping solutions and subsequently analyzed in the laboratory using colorimetric method. The meteorological parameters namely; temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction were also measured during the sampling exercise. The mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide at the various sampling sites during rainy season were: Shalom Hospital (602 -µg/m3); Vannilaz Restaurant (793 -µg/m3); Redeemed Gospel Church (861 -µg/m3) and Sabaki residential Estate (370 -µg/m3). The levels exceeded the guidelines recommended by WHO which has set a maximum of 500 -µg/m3, for 10 minutes exposure, however the levels at Sabaki residential Estate were low.

Mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide during the dry season for Shalom Hospital, Vanillaz Restaurant, Redeemed Gospel church and Sabaki residential Estate were 863, 875,862 and 664 -µg/m3 respectively. The elevated levels of SO2 was associated with heavy vehicular traffic and the various industrial activities mainly cement manufacturing plants. Sulphur dioxide may also be emitted from diesel-powered vehicles and coal burning in the industries. The study revealed that Shalom Hospital, Vanillaz Restaurant and Redeemed Gospel Church were polluted with sulphur dioxide during the rainy season except Sabaki residential Estate but during the dry season all the sites were polluted with sulphur dioxide.

By Birgen J. | Wafula G. | Yusuf A. | Onyatta J."Assessment of Sulphur Dioxide Levels in Selected Sites in Athi River, Kenya"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017,

Paper URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2320.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/2320/assessment-of-sulphur-dioxide-levels-in--selected-sites-in-athi-river-kenya/birgen-j

International Journal, Engineering Journal

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

OTEC stands for Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion. It use a temperature difference (20 -°C) between the upper layer of ocean surface and bottom layer of ocean surface is required to run the turbine to generate an electricity. Ocean covered 70% of earth's surface which is abundant form of solar collector and solar storage capacity. Ocean has an abundant form of renewable source of energy which has a potential to fulfill billions of watts of electricity.

Now a days, OTEC is required to generate electricity due to sky rocketing price of oil, natural gas and coal. The objective was how to minimize the cost of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plant.

By Abhishek Kishore | Ameen Uddin Ahmad"Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017,

Paper URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2314.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/2314/ocean-thermal-energy-conversion/abhishek-kishore

Open Access Journal, Engineering Journal

Influence of Penstock Outlet Diameter and Flat Blade Lateral Twist Angle on the Performance of A Simplified Pico Hydropower System

A study to investigate the influence of penstock outlet and the flat blade lateral twist angle on the performance of an existing Pico-hydro system was undertaken. Five penstock reduced from76.2 mm to 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5 and 25 mm diameters at the outlet and a runner with adjustable flat blades were fabricated from mild steel sheet. For each of the penstock outlets, five blade twist angles of 50, 55, 60, 75 and 90-° were tested and the turbine and alternator speed measured with tachometer. The initial and final levels of water in the overhead tank as well as the periods of tests were also measured. The data collected was used to compute the flow rate and power for each set.

A maximum computed power of 5600 W was obtained with the 25 mm penstock outlet in conjunction with the blade twist angle of 75o. Also, the maximum speed 1180 rpm of the alternator shaft was obtained for a penstock outlet diameter of about 20.25 mm at the same twist angle of 75o. These results imply that for the system potentially could generate appreciable power using flat blades with the penstock outlets and blade twist angles in the ranges > 20 mm and = 600 respectively.

Considering the simplicity of the flat blade configuration, the results indicate good promise for providing relatively cheap, clean and convenient domestic power with further work on the system.

By Daniel T. Ipilakyaa | Alex O. Edeoja | Aondohemen Kulugh"Influence of Penstock Outlet Diameter and Flat Blade Lateral Twist Angle on the Performance of A Simplified Pico Hydropower System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017,

Paper URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2322.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/2322/influence-of-penstock-outlet-diameter-and-flat-blade-lateral-twist-angle-on-the-performance-of-a-simplified-pico-hydropower-system/daniel-t-ipilakyaa

Indexed Journal, Engineering Journal

Compressive Strength of Conventional Concrete Using E Waste

The Waste materials Utilization of construction industry by-products is a sustainable solution to ecological and environmental problems. Use of such waste materials makes their re utilization in cement-concrete, other construction materials, and also the cost of cement and concrete manufacturing is reduces. Other indirect benefits of e-waste include reduction in landfill cost, saving energy and reduction in solid waste.

E-waste consists of discarded refrigerators, TVs radios, Mobile phones, Air conditioners, computers and several other electronic gadgets that have reached end of life their or become a obsolete. . The major aim of the study is to examine the alter in mechanical properties of concrete with the addition of Electronic waste in concrete. It is found that the use of Electronic waste aggregates results in the formation of concrete.

 In this addition Coarse aggregate is replaced by E- waste from 0% to 15% Then in these mix 5%, 10% and 15%. It is that utilization of this Electronic waste in concrete will reduce the requirement for conventional coarse aggregates there by resulting in used by natural resources.

By Anil kumar Sharma | Dr. Bharat Nagar"Compressive Strength of Conventional Concrete Using E Waste" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017,

Paper URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2308.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/2308/compressive-strength-of-conventional-concrete-using-e-waste/anil-kumar-sharma

International Journal, Engineering Journal

High Performance Triplex Adder using CNTFET

Carbon Nanotubes Field Effect Transistors (CNTFETs) is used to implement a two new design of triplex half adder. conventional binary logic has a capable alternate called triplex logic, since it is possible to accomplish uncomplicatedness and energy efficiency in modern digital design due to shortened circuit overhead such as interconnect and chip area. Triplex decoders and binary logic gates are used to present two novel half adders. To obtain power, delay and power delay product the circuits are simulated using HSPICE . Recently reported designs are compared with these circuits.

These triplex adders show delay and power advantage up to 40 and 39 % with less transistor count. So, using these half adders in complex arithmetic circuits will be advantageous.

By G. Naveen Balaji | S. Chenthur Pandian | D. Rajesh"High Performance Triplex Adder using CNTFET" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017,

Paper URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2300.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/2300/high-performance-triplex-adder-using-cntfet/g-naveen-balaji

UGC Approved Journal, Engineering Journal

Alternative Low Cost Building Materials on Beams

Today, transfer of waste material is an incredible issue and it gets to be hard to discover common assets because of their extreme abuse. Utilization of waste materials as development materials has various advantages, for example, diminishment in cost, saving in energy, and protection of environment. coconut shell is a waste material which can be a substitute for aggregate. Along these lines, the primary goal of this anticipate is to empower the utilization of coconut shell as a development material and to get ready lightweight concrete by utilizing coconut shell as coarse aggregate.

In this anticipate, exploratory study has been done on characteristic strength of M35 concrete with substitution of 15% and 30% of coarse aggregate by coconut shell .Also an attempt has been made to examine the suitability of replacing the 20% of flyash with cement and simultaneously by replacing 15% and 30% of coconut shell as coarse aggregate for concrete of grade M35. The results found were comparable with that of Traditional mix.

By G Khaja | P Sai | K Siva Sankar"Alternative Low Cost Building Materials on Beams" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017,

Paper URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2295.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/2295/alternative-low-cost-building-materials-on-beams/g-khaja

Open Access Journal, Engineering Journal

Solar Power Tree - An Artistic Design

If the 19th century was the age of coal and the 20th century of oil, the 21st will be the age of sun (Solar Energy). The demand of energy is increasing with each period, with the result that the prices increasing day by day. For example, with the supply of oil the quantity of oil is decreasing and the prices are increasing. Similarly in case of coal which is abundantly for the production of electricity is available for few more hundred years. Nuclear energy produces abundant power but many fear that repercussion of catastrophes such as Chernobyl.

So in order to fulfil the increasing demand we must concentrate on utilising the non-conventional sources of energy. Energy from the sun is the best alternative among all the renewable sources. It is free, Inexhaustible, non-polluting, eco-friendly and continuous source of energy. The main drawback of solar panels is the land requirement for the installation of solar panels. But in solar tree we use very less land to produce large amount of electrical power.

By Mohd Nissar | Dr. Aziz Ahmad"Solar Power Tree - An Artistic Design"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017,

Paper URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2290.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/2290/solar-power-tree---an-artistic-design/mohd-nissar

International Journal, Engineering Journal