Analysis of Deck Bridge with Pre Stress Deck Bridge under IRC Loading Conditions a Review

A bridge deck is the portion of a bridge that acts as the roadway in the support of vehicular or pedestrian traffic. While deck parts like trusses, girders, rails, arches, posts and cantilevers assume a number of forms and types, there are relatively few bridge deck types given the utilitarian nature of the component. Deck types are defined by the materials from which they are made and the manner in which those materials are fit together. 

by Yogesh Kanathe | Nitesh Kushwaha "Analysis of Deck Bridge with Pre-Stress Deck Bridge under IRC Loading Conditions a Review"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29636.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29636/analysis-of-deck-bridge-with-pre-stress-deck-bridge-under-irc-loading-conditions-a-review/yogesh-kanathe

call for paper Automotive Engineering, international journal Electrical Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

A Review on Performance of Toll Plaza by using Queuing Theory

One of the key problems in the study of any stream of traffic system is the analysis of delay. Delay is a more delicate concept. It may be well defined as the difference between the actual travel time on a given section and some ideal travel time of that section. This raises the question as what is the ideal travel time. In practice, the ideal travel time chosen will depend on the situation. There are two particular travel times that seem best suited as benchmarks for assessment with the actual performance of the system. These are the travel times under free flow conditions and travel time at capacity. Most recent research has found that for highway systems, there is reasonably little difference between these two speeds. The analysis of delay normally focuses on the delay when demand exceeds its capacity. Such delay is known as queuing delay, and may be studied by means of queuing theory. This theory involves the analysis which is known as a queuing system, which is composed of a server, a stream of customers who demand service, and a queue or line of customers waiting to be served. 

by A. N. V. Ravindra | Mr. S. Siva Gowri Prasad "A Review on Performance of Toll Plaza by using Queuing Theory"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28068.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/transport-engineering/28068/a-review-on-performance-of-toll-plaza-by-using-queuing-theory/a-n-v-ravindra

call for paper Communication Engineering, international journal Civil Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Structural System in Resisting the Effect of Lateral Load in High Rise Building

In the structural systems of high rise buildings there are a multitude of structural systems forms, such as twisted, tilted, tapered and free forms. The article describes the characteristics of the diagrid system and its applicability in the construction of tall buildings in relation to other modern construction systems braced tube. This is an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of this system for G 30 Steel structure. The characteristics of buildings with very complex geometry and that use the diagrid system are presented. 

by Varun S P | B. S. Sureshchandra "Structural System in Resisting the Effect of Lateral Load in High Rise Building"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28024.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/28024/structural-system-in-resisting-the-effect-of-lateral-load-in-high-rise-building/varun-s-p

call for paper Biomedical Engineering, Biomechanical & Biomedical Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

A Theoretical Study on Green Concrete Construction

Concrete which are taken from the demolished structures or from concrete waste which are considered to be eco friendly and using it for the purpose of another building construction is called as green concrete construction. This helps to make the future construction eco friendly and also reduce the emission of CO2. Now a days global warming is the major drawback of whole world which is directly or indirectly caused by the civil engineering field. The world consumes concrete more next to water. So it is the duty of every civil engineer to go along the disadvantages of green house gas emission and to reduce their effects in environment. This can be sought by using the eco friendly materials and also the eco friendly waste concrete available in earth. This journal paper would provide the ideas of green construction and also helps to induce the engineers choice of construction. 

by P K Ponsangari "A Theoretical Study on Green Concrete Construction"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29376.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29376/a-theoretical-study-on-green-concrete-construction/p-k-ponsangari

call for paper Transport engineering, international journal Agricultural Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Effect of Grafted Silane on Fly Ash Pha Lai - Vietnam to Properties of Polymer Composite Materials Based on Bisphenol A Type Epoxy Resin

Recently, there has been much research on fly ash and its use as a filler in polymer composite materials. However, interfacial adhesion of fly ash with polymer matrix is weak. So, fly ash must be treated to improve interfacial adhesion. This paper reports effect of surface treatments of fly ash particles to mechanical, thermal properties and structure of polymer composites based on DER 331 epoxy resin matrix. The fly ash was treated by silane coupling agent GF 80 and GF 82. The results showed that the mechanical properties of silane GF 80 and GF 82 treated fly ash epoxy resin composites were higher than that of untreated fly ash epoxy resin composites. Specially at FASGF80, tensile strength, flexural strength, compressive strength and impact strength was maximum tensile strength 42.3 MPa increase 21.74 compressive strength 164 MPa increase 18.29 flexural strength 77.8 increase 6.4 and impact strength 7.2 KJ m2 increase 20.83 compare with untreated fly ash composites. 

by Bach Trong Phuc | Nguyen Thanh Liem | Pham Thi Huong "Effect of Grafted Silane on Fly Ash (Pha Lai - Vietnam) to Properties of Polymer Composite Materials Based on Bisphenol A-Type Epoxy Resin"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29357.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/29357/effect-of-grafted-silane-on-fly-ash-pha-lai---vietnam-to-properties-of-polymer-composite-materials-based-on-bisphenol-a-type-epoxy-resin/bach-trong-phuc

call for paper Civil Engineering, international journal Agricultural Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Cellular Computing

Cellular computing is a discipline that deals with the analysis and modelling of real cellular processes for the purpose of computation. It essentially uses engineering principles to study and manipulate cells. This paper provides a short introduction to cellular computing. We also highlight underlying challenges and avenues of implementations of cellular computing. 

by Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Nana K. Ampah | Sarhan M. Musa "Cellular Computing"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23385.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23385/cellular-computing/matthew-n-o-sadiku

call for paper Manufacturing engineering, international journal Petroleum Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Effect of Copper Slag on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Conventional Concrete

Because of Rapid growth of technology and population in India, there is a huge demand for construction material mostly for natural sand, of late excessive consumption of sand caused ecological economical imbalance. To overcome these effects large modifications are being carried out in construction industry, i.e. usage of by products as a replacement of fine aggregate. In the present study COPPER SLAG which is a byproduct obtained during production of copper by smelting is used as a replacement of F.A. And also to increase the mechanical properties of concrete different types of fibers are added to the concrete mix. The HOOKED END STEEL FIBRES are added to the concrete to improve the mechanical properties. As several researchers has introduced Steel fiber reinforced concrete SFRC for its inherent superiority over normal plain and reinforced concrete for its higher flexural strength, better tensile strength and modulus of rupture, better ductility and fatigue resistance, crack resistance. This comparative study is carried out on strength properties between SFRC and conventional concrete due to replacement of F.A with copper slag. An experimental investigation was carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of Steel fiber reinforced concrete by replacement of sand F.A with copper slag for different grades M30, M40. Tests are conducted with 1 addition of hooked end steel fibers having aspect ratio 60 and replacement of copper slag by 0, 10. with an interval of 10 where optimum strength is attained at 50, 40. 

by Shaik Ashraffur Rahaman | K. Srinivas "Effect of Copper Slag on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Conventional Concrete"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28038.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/28038/effect-of-copper-slag-on-steel-fiber-reinforced-concrete-and-conventional-concrete/shaik-ashraffur-rahaman

call for paper Computer Engineering, international journal Mechanical Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Experimental Investigation of U Bolt used in Leaf Spring of an Automobile for Various Loads

Threaded fastener such as U bolts are probably the best choice to apply a desired clamp load to assemble a joint or connection. The main characteristic of holding U bolt of automobile wheel is being under cyclic load which are applied by bumpy rods. So it is necessary to prevent the failure of U bolt under different condition. To do experimental testing for every new design of bolted connection. 

by Hitesh Patil | Dr. S. I. Kolhe "Experimental Investigation of U Bolt used in Leaf Spring of an Automobile for Various Loads"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29140.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29140/experimental-investigation-of-u-bolt-used-in-leaf-spring-of-an-automobile-for-various-loads/hitesh-patil

call for paper Industrial Engineering, international journal Nuclear Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Experimental Study of Third Order Nonlinear Absorption in Pure and MG Doped Lithium Niobate Crystals

With the discovery of laser in 1960 various nonlinear effect arises, the origin of nonlinear optics lies in the nonlinear response of materials to the incident coherent radiation. Using pulsed Q switched Nd YAG Laser, we have observed the important phenomena i.e. third order nonlinear effect in the LiNbO3 crystals. In present work, I have performed an experiment using simple and sensitive single beam Z scan technique to measure nonlinear absorption in LiNbO3 crystals samples such as pure LiNbO3 crystal, 5mol Mg doped LiNbO3 crystal, and 7mol Mg doped LiNbO3 crystal. 

by Vijay Aithekar | Dr. Vishal Saxana "Experimental Study of Third Order Nonlinear Absorption in Pure and MG Doped Lithium Niobate Crystals"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26370.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/engineering-physics/26370/experimental-study-of-third-order-nonlinear-absorption-in-pure-and-mg-doped-lithium-niobate-crystals/vijay-aithekar

call for paper Geological Engineering, international journal Gas Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

PLC Based Automatic Bottle Filling and Capping System

Filling is the task that is carried out by a machine and this process is widely used in many industries that produce such as milk industries, chemical, food, mineral water and many industrial manufactures. The objective of this paper is to design, develop and monitor "Bottle filling and capping with PLC". This work provides with a lot of benefits like low power consumption, low operational cost, less maintenance, accuracy and many more. A prototype has been developed to illustrate the system. In this paper, the filling of the bottle is controlled by using a controller known as Programmable Logic Controller PLC which is also the heart of the entire system. For the conveyor system, a DC motor has been selected for better performance and ease of operation. Proximity sensors have been used to detect the position of the bottle. Ladder logic has been used for the programming of the PLC, which is the most widely used and accepted language for the programming of the PLC. 

by Zar Kyi Win | Tin Tin Nwe "PLC Based Automatic Bottle Filling and Capping System"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28114.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/28114/plc-based-automatic-bottle-filling-and-capping-system/zar-kyi-win

call for paper Environment Engineering, international journal Industrial Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Study on Green Concrete using Eco Sand and Sugarcane Bagases Ash a Review

In India, solid waste management is currently a burning issue that demands attention. Around 4.4 billion tonnes of solid wastes generate yearly, However, in India agricultural sector alone has generated about 600 million tonnes of biomass waste. 

by Sagar Gupta | Prof. Nitesh Kushwaha "Study on Green Concrete using Eco Sand and Sugarcane Bagases Ash a Review"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29635.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29635/study-on-green-concrete-using-eco-sand-and-sugarcane-bagases-ash-a-review/sagar-gupta

call for paper Civil Engineering, international journal Agricultural Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Experimental Investigation of Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates through Copper Slag and Coarse Aggregates by Recycled Aggregates

Natural resources are depleting worldwide while at the same time the generated wastes from the industry are increasing substantially. The sustainable development for construction involves the use of nonconventional and innovative materials, and recycling of waste materials in order to compensate the lack of natural resources and to find alternative ways conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures in which fine aggregate sand was replaced with Copper Slag. The fine aggregates sand was replaced with percentages 0 for the control mixture, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 100 of Copper Slag by weight. Tests were performed for properties of fresh concrete and Hardened Concrete. Compressive strength and Flexural strength were determined at 7, 28 and 56days. The results indicate that workability increases with increase in Copper Slag percentage. Test results indicate significant improvement in the strength properties of plain concrete by the inclusion of up to 80 Copper slag as replacement of fine aggregate sand , and can be effectively used in structural concrete. Also as percentage of Copper Slag increased the density of concrete increased. The workability of concrete increased with increase in percentage of copper slag. Toughness of copper slag is found to be more, which increases the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. 

by Achal Jain | Nitin Thakur "Experimental Investigation of Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates through Copper Slag and Coarse Aggregates by Recycled Aggregates"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28103.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/28103/experimental-investigation-of-properties-of-concrete-with-partial-replacement-of-fine-aggregates-through-copper-slag-and-coarse-aggregates-by-recycled-aggregates/achal-jain

call for paper Automotive Engineering, international journal Electrical Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Design and Implementation of A VHF Tri Loop Antenna for 2 Meter Amateur Band

This paper presents the design and implementation of a triangular loop antenna using aluminum tubing of diameter 10mm with high electrical conductivity and reflecting ability. The antenna operates in very high frequency VHF band covering a frequency range of 140 to 150MHz. It has a gain of 3 dB and a radius of coverage of about 100 kilometers. It was constructed as a prototype antenna and tested at the author home base QTH with grid locator of PK23CO, where signals from DW4PGS, DW4PLN, DW4GSV, and DV4RBC were received with sharp audible sound Q5 and full signal strength S9. Better receptions were recorded for PD03, KB912 19, and KB951-B157 on days with good propagation. Measurement result shows that the proposed antenna can work properly and meet well to be used in as reliable low cost homebrew effective VHF wide band antenna and it is an omnidirectional antenna. 

by Dexter M. Toyado "Design and Implementation of A VHF Tri-Loop Antenna for 2-Meter Amateur Band"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28120.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/28120/design-and-implementation-of-a-vhf-tri-loop-antenna-for-2-meter-amateur-band/dexter-m-toyado

call for paper Metallurgical Engineering, international journal Information Technology, ugc approved journals for engineering

Design and Construction of 0 500V 3KVA Variac with Digital Display

The design and construction of 3KVA variac ranging from 0 500V with a digital display was carried out due to the fact that every electrical, electronic and laboratory appliances equipments are designed and manufactured to operate based on the expectation that the input voltage would be at certain value. In Nigeria, household electrical electronic appliances and also laboratory equipments are most time under threat of low voltage supply. Since the electric power supply distribution companies are unable to provide the consistent and adequate voltage level 220V demanded by these sensitive appliances. The design and construction of a 3000VA variac variable transformer with an input voltage of 230V to give an output of 0 500V is aimed at providing solutions to this driving issue of low voltage and also to update in the growing trend of digitalization using a digital display. 

The method applied to achieve this project include faradays law of induction, ohms law, e.m.f equation of transformer and voltage transformer ratio k, where the number of turns in for the primary is 136turns and the secondary is 297turns approx. The major components used to achieve this work are the copper wires and the laminated steels core also known as the toroidal core. The designed and constructed variac was tested with an input of 230V and the output result of 500Vmaximum was confirmed ok. If designed and properly constructed with standard electrical components and materials it could be used in sub stations as step up for distributions of electricity. It should be designed with heavy gauge coils, higher rated toroidal core and attached an indicator to indicate with beep sound when it is being overloaded above its capacity. 

by Makinde Kayode | Man Alhaji Sulaiman | Lawal Olawale Kazeem "Design and Construction of 0-500V 3KVA Variac with Digital Display"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29153.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29153/design-and-construction-of-0-500v-3kva-variac-with-digital-display/makinde-kayode

call for paper Software Engineering, international journal Water Resource Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Effect of Nano Silica on the Compressive Strength of Concrete

Concrete is one of the most important materials in the construction world. In the present scenario, due to the various industrialization, especially in the urban areas, the demand of construction work increases progressively. Due to which there is very high demand of concrete. So, it is very important to improve the durability and properties of concrete. For this there are various admixtures which are partially replaced with the cement like fly ash, slag, silica fumes, rice husk etc. However, in the present situation, Nano technology comes as a very faithful approach for improving the strength and durability of the concrete. In this project, M30 concrete is used and we use Nano silica of size 236nm as a partial replacement in concrete. Nano silica enters into the pores of the concrete and sets early due to which the permeability and strength of concrete are improved. An experimental analysis has been done by replacing the cement with Nano silica by increasing its percentage as 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 b.w.c. The results show that with increase in amount of Nano silica, the compressive strength increases up to 3, however, if amount of Nano silica goes beyond 3, the compressive strength of concrete starts decreasing. In these experimental tests, there are 10 cubes prepared with the sample and tested at 7 and 28 days. 

by Bhupender | Sunil Kumar | Vikram "Effect of Nano Silica on the Compressive Strength of Concrete"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28090.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/28090/effect-of-nano-silica-on-the-compressive-strength-of-concrete/bhupender

call for paper Aerospace Engineering, international journal Chassis Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

To Study the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates through Copper Slag and Coarse Aggregates by Recycled Aggregates

Natural resources are depleting worldwide while at the same time the generated wastes from the industry are increasing substantially. The sustainable development for construction involves the use of non conventional and innovative materials, and recycling of waste materials in order to compensate the lack of natural resources and to find alternative ways conserving the environment. So, this paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of concrete mixtures in which fine aggregate sand was replaced with Copper Slag. The fine aggregates sand was replaced with percentages 0 for the control mixture, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, and 100 of Copper Slag by weight. Tests were performed for properties of fresh concrete and Hardened Concrete. Compressive strength and Flexural strength were determined at 7, 28 and 56days. The results indicate that work ability increases with increase in Copper Slag percentage. Test results indicate significant improvement in the strength properties of plain concrete by the inclusion of up to 80 Copper slag as replacement of fine aggregate sand, and can be effectively used in structural concrete. Also as percentage of Copper Slag increased the density of concrete increased. The work ability of concrete increased with increase in percentage of copper slag. Toughness of copper slag is found to be more, which increases the compressive and flexural strength of concrete. 

by Achal Jain | Nitin Thakur "To Study the Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates through Copper Slag and Coarse Aggregates by Recycled Aggregates"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28104.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/28104/to-study-the-properties-of-concrete-with-partial-replacement-of-fine-aggregates-through-copper-slag-and-coarse-aggregates-by-recycled-aggregates/achal-jain

call for paper Bio system Engineering, international journal Environment Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Analysis of Solar Diesel Hybrid off Grid System in Myanmar

A hybrid system combining renewable technologies with diesel generators is a promising solution for village electrification. Shortage of electricity is the main obstacle for economic and social development. Myanmar has abundant renewable energy resource. There are many places that cannot supply electricity from the main grid. Tat Thit Kyun village is selected from these areas. The selected village where is situated Latitude 18°44N and Longitude 95°11E 5.6 mile away from Padaung Township is supplied by hybrid off grid system. 312 kWh demand is needed for 387 numbers of household. Data is obtained from Meteorological data of the village and NASA. The hybrid system is composed of photovoltaic source, diesel generator, battery energy storage system and converter. The hybrid system is analyzed for the life time 20 years by using HOMER software. 

by Dr. Zarchi San | Daw Yin Aye Mon | Daw Lin Lin Phyu "Analysis of Solar Diesel Hybrid off Grid System in Myanmar"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29151.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29151/analysis-of-solar-diesel-hybrid-off-grid-system-in-myanmar/dr-zarchi-san

call for paper Nuclear Engineering, international journal Textile Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Natural Language Processing Theory, Applications and Difficulties

The promise of a powerful computing device to help people in productivity as well as in recreation can only be realized with proper human machine communication. Automatic recognition and understanding of spoken language is the first step toward natural human machine interaction. Research in this field has produced remarkable results, leading to many exciting expectations and new challenges. This field is known as Natural language Processing. In this paper the natural language generation and Natural language understanding is discussed. Difficulties in NLU, applications and comparison with structured programming language are also discussed here. 

by Mrs. Anjali Gharat | Mrs. Helina Tandel | Mr. Ketan Bagade "Natural Language Processing Theory, Applications and Difficulties"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28092.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/28092/natural-language-processing-theory-applications-and-difficulties/mrs-anjali-gharat

call for paper Petroleum Engineering, international journal Telecommunications, ugc approved journals for engineering

Correlations and Path Analysis of Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characters in Durum Wheat Triticum Turgidum L. Accessions in Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Durum wheat is the second most important triticum species next to bread wheat. Ethiopia is one of the centers of diversity for durum wheat. The present study was to determine the interrelationship and direct and indirect effects of yield component traits on grain yield of Ethiopian land races durum wheat for further breeding activities of yield improvement. Out, 97 durum wheat accessions along with 3 improved varieties were evaluated in 10 x 10 simple lattice design during 2018 main cropping season at Mata Sub site of Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among accessions for all traits. More than 36 of accessions were superior in mean grain yield than the standard checks. Grain yield exhibited positive and significant correlation both at genotypic and phenotypic level with most of the characters such as plant height rp=0.22, rg=0.25, harvest index rp=0.79, rg=0.78, biological yield rp=0.31, rg=0.30, number of kernels per spike rp=0.17, rg=0.21, spike length, rp=0.36, rg=0.39, and hectoliter weight kg hl 1 rp=0.44, rg=0.45. The association between yield, and yield related characters through phenotypic genotypic path coefficients revealed that biological yield, spike length, harvest index and plant height exerted highest positive direct effect on grain yield. This suggests that simultaneous improvement in these characters might be possible 

by Zewdu Tegenu | Dagnachew Lule | Gudeta Nepir "Correlations and Path Analysis of Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characters in Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum L.) Accessions in Western Oromia, Ethiopia"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28112.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/28112/correlations-and-path-analysis-of-some-quantitative-and-qualitative-characters-in-durum-wheat-triticum-turgidum-l-accessions-in-western-oromia-ethiopia/zewdu-tegenu

call for paper Chassis Engineering, international journal Electrical Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Design Calculation of Lab Based Vapour Compression System

This paper deals with experimental investigation to calculate the value of main components of vapor compression refrigeration system and experimental results by using three different length of the capillary tube. At present, there are many types of refrigeration systems but the most widely used is vapor compression refrigeration system. This system is mainly used in air conditioning in buildings, electronic materials, automobile air conditioners, freezers, household refrigerators and even in supermarkets. This lab based refrigeration system is used R 134a because it can be replaced successfully for R 12 refrigerant and useful for many applications now. Moreover, it can be handling safely and has no damage effect to ozone layer. 

by Ko Ko | Khin Maung Than | Aye Aye San "Design Calculation of Lab Based Vapour Compression System"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29213.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29213/design-calculation-of-lab-based-vapour-compression-system/ko-ko

call for paper Petroleum Engineering, international journal Telecommunications, ugc approved journals for engineering

Repair and Maintance of Building Cracks

Cracking is the most difficult and puzzling problem for the engineers today. Many designers are trying to eliminate the problems of cracking , but cracking is unavoidable response of any structure. Since cracks are the most common type of problem in buildings, It is very necessary to understand the causes and remedial measures required to be undertaken for preventing cracks, As cracks in various types of building structures cannot be eliminated completely but can be prevented and controlled by using adequate materials which enhances the properties of the structure and also adopting required changes in design criteria. Due to some faulty designs and other unavoidable factors cracks start developing on various structural and non structural parts of the building. Hence, timely measures should be adopted to prevent and control cracks and its formation. Not all the cracks developed are harmful but there are some type of cracks which can be severely structurally hazardous. In this paper we will discuss about several problems engineers are facing, why and how the cracks are formed And how these cracks can be prevented and controlled. 

by Chandgude Shubham Eknath | Baviskar Udit Kailas "Repair and Maintance of Building Cracks"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29160.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29160/repair-and-maintance-of-building-cracks/chandgude-shubham-eknath

call for paper Textile Engineering, international journal Software Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Design and Analysis of Runout Measuring Machine using Fea

Industrial engineering is a branch of engineering which deals with the optimization of complex processes or systems. It is concerned with the development, improvement, implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, materials, analysis and synthesis, as well as the mathematical, physical and social sciences together with the principles and methods of engineering design to specify, predict, and evaluate the results to be obtained from such systems or processes. While industrial engineering is a traditional and longstanding engineering discipline subject to and eligible for professional engineering licensure in most jurisdictions, its underlying concepts overlap considerably with certain business oriented disciplines such as operations management. Depending on the subspecialties involved, industrial engineering may also be known as, or overlap with, operations management, management science, operations research, systems engineering, management engineering, manufacturing engineering, ergonomics or human factors engineering, safety engineering, or others, depending on the viewpoint or motives of the user. For example, in health care, the engineers known as health management engineers or health systems engineers are, in essence, industrial engineers by another name. 

by Mr. Sandip Subhash Narkhede | Mr. Vijay Liladhar Firke | Mr. Dhruvakumar B. Sharma "Design and Analysis of Runout Measuring Machine using Fea"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28028.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/28028/design-and-analysis-of-runout-measuring-machine-using-fea/mr-sandip-subhash-narkhede

call for paper Mechanical Engineering, international journal Structural Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Mobile Cold Room

The Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Mobile Cold Room is a refrigeration system that uses solar energy. It was embarked upon as a result of the epileptic power supply to the rural areas in the country and the absence of a grid supply to some locations where needed. The mobile cold comprises of the following components, the D.C compressor Danfoss BD92K, charge controller 40A, 12V, solar battery 12V, 200AH, solar panel 12V, 600 watt and a 500 litres compartment. The power is not supplied either from the national grid nor the generator system, but from the solar panel. The solar mobile cold room comprises of the solar panel that collects the solar energy. The solar panels convert the solar energy into electrical energy and stored it in the battery. During the normal running of the cold room, the power is supplied directly by the solar panel, but when the output power of solar panels is less, the additional power is supplied by the battery. The battery is recharged when excess amount of power is produced by the solar panels. The output supply of the batteries and the solar panel is DC with voltage of about 12V. A microcontroller was used to display the inner temperature of the freezer and also to protect the compressor by switching it off when the door is opened for a period of 60 seconds. The charge controller is connected to the battery and solar panel to regulate the voltage from the solar panel for the charging of the battery, the supply from the battery is used in running the D.C compressor of the cold room in the absence of sunlight or when the sun intensity is low. The system is capable of running for 18 hours without the presence of sunlight when the battery is fully charged it also has a high storage capacity of 500 litres and longer operation time as compared to previous solar refrigerators. 

by Makinde Kayode | Man Alhaji Sulaiman | Amao Enock "Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Mobile Cold Room"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28099.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/28099/design-and-fabrication-of-solar-powered-mobile-cold-room/makinde-kayode

call for paper Chemical Engineering, international journal Food Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Implementation of 5G in Guided and Unguided Optical Communication System with Cellular Frequency Bands

Optical wireless communication is the budding technology of fifth generation communication networking systems. It is an emerging platform to interconnect the domestic appliance together with a strong optical backbone network. However for a very long distance communication over 500 to 1000 km optical fiber is irreplaceable. The speed of the data communication is higher in free space optical communication without amplifying the received signal at the receiver side. The microwave optical communication frequency ranges from 3GHz to 30 GHz. Millimeter wave optical communication with 5G network is under progress. In this paper, the speed of communication used is 50 Gbps. The different channels optical wireless communication OWC , free space Optical communication FSO and optical wired cables are considered with 5G speed. The Quality factor and maximum distance of transmission with suitable transmitter power is achieved via respective channels. Helen Vedanayagi Anita. R "Implementation of 5G in Guided and Unguided Optical Communication System with Cellular Frequency Bands" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28117.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/28117/implementation-of-5g-in-guided-and-unguided-optical-communication-system-with-cellular-frequency-bands/helen-vedanayagi-anita-r

call for paper Gas Engineering, international journal Geological Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

ANN Model Based Calculation of Tensile of Friction Surfaced Tool Steel

Friction surface treatment is well established solid technology and is used for deposition, abrasion and corrosion protection coatings on rigid materials. This novel process has wide range of industrial applications, particularly in the field of reclamation and repair of damaged and worn engineering components. In this paper, present the prediction of tensile of friction surface treated tool steel using ANN for simulated results of friction surface treatment. This experiment was carried out to obtain tool steel coatings of low carbon steel parts by changing input process parameters such as friction pressure, rotational speed and welding speed. The simulation is performed by a 33 factor design that takes into account the maximum and minimum limits of the experimental work performed by the 23 factor design. Neural network structures, such as the Feed Forward Neural Network FFNN , were used to predict tensile tool steel sediments caused by friction. 

by V. Pitchi Raju "ANN Model Based Calculation of Tensile of Friction Surfaced Tool Steel"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29169.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/29169/ann-model-based-calculation-of-tensile-of-friction-surfaced-tool-steel/v-pitchi-raju

call for paper Petroleum Engineering, international journal Nanotechnology, ugc approved journals for engineering

Soil Stabilization by use of Chemical

This work presented to see the efficiency of nano technology used in terms of chemical named as Terrasil which acts as a modifier and improves the engineering properties of black cotton soil. In India, we see about 51.8 million hectors of land area is covered with black cotton soil which is an expansive soil. It is seen that black cotton soil is very hard when it is dry, and it loses its strength completely when it is wet. Expansive soils are problematic soils worldwide and create problems while constructing structures on it. To improve their properties various methods are adopted. These soils are removed completely or mixed with better quality material or mixed with various additives. This chemical called terrasil is tested by conducting various tests like Proctor test, free swelling test, etc. Soil samples are treated with different percentage of Terrasil 0.9 , 1.1 , and 1.3 . Terrasil gives improved results up to 40 increasing compressive strength of soil. It reduces the swelling property of soil from 60 to 42. 

by Sheetal Nalbilwar "Soil Stabilization by use of Chemical"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28118.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/geological-engineering/28118/soil-stabilization-by-use-of-chemical/sheetal-nalbilwar

call for paper Forestry Engineering, international journal Software Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

An Experimental Paper on Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete

Pervious concrete has been in use in many countries over more than a century. Its higher porosity helps in percolating rain water directly to ground and thereby helps in recharging groundwater aquifer. In this study, pervious concrete of sizes of 6.3mm size aggregate were prepared with different water cement ratios to find the compressive strength. The purpose of this project is to analyze the feasibility of producing highly sustainable no fine concrete mixtures and evaluating the effect of W c ratio on the properties of pervious concrete. Porous concrete is produced by using ordinary Portland cement, coarse aggregates, and water. This concrete is tested for its property compressive strength. The results showed that the water cement ratio showed significant effect on compressive strength of Pervious concrete. 

by S. Suryasri | Mr. K. S. B. Prasad "An Experimental Paper on Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28121.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/transport-engineering/28121/an-experimental-paper-on-compressive-strength-of-pervious-concrete/s-suryasri

call for paper Food Engineering, international journal Nuclear Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Some Physical Properties of Negro Pepper Seed Xylopia Aethiopica Necessary for Post Harvest Handling

Negro pepper is a spice with high nutritional value and several beneficial phytochemical compounds. Physical attributes of biomaterial are important in many problems associated with the design of machines and the analysis of the behavior of the product during agricultural processing operations such as handling, planting, harvesting, milling, threshing, cleaning, grading, sorting and drying. This study was aimed at determining some physical properties of Negro pepper seed xylopia aethiopica including axial dimensions, grain mass, bulk and true densities and porosity. Manual methods of measurements were employed in which the seeds were either measured directly or in bulk. Other parameters were calculated such as arithmetic, geometric mean diameter and sphericity. Seed weight and volumes were measured by using standard measuring equipment. All properties were determined at a fixed moisture content. The result of the study showed that the average length, width and thickness of the negro pepper seed were 5.99 0.42, 3.51 0.25 and 3.05 0.14mm respectively. Geometric mean diameter and sphericity of the Negro Pepper Seed were obtained as 3.80 0.13mm and 65.53. 0.11 respectively. The Solid density, Porosity and bulk density for negro pepper seeds were 0.56 0.25 g m3 49.50 0.22 and 1.125 0.31 g m3 respectively all measurement were obtained at a seed moisture content of 37.5 wet basis. 

by Elijah G. Ikrang | Anyanwu, C. Solomon "Some Physical Properties of Negro Pepper Seed (Xylopia Aethiopica) Necessary for Post- Harvest Handling"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29184.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/29184/some-physical-properties-of-negro-pepper-seed--xylopia-aethiopica-necessary-for-post--harvest-handling/elijah-g-ikrang

call for paper Telecommunications, international journal Information Technology, ugc approved journals for engineering

A Study of Wheat Flour Tortillas using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy LIBS

Wheat flour tortillas of different colors and composition were studied with the aid of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy LIBS. Due to its simplicity, fast response, little or no sample preparation, LIBS is presented as an effective tool for rapid in situ sample analysis of food samples with emphasis on tortillas. Spectroscopic analysis of the plasma generated by Nd YAG laser irradiation of tortilla was carried out. A careful selection of spectral lines of Ca, Na and K which do not suffer from spectral interference was made. Spectral properties of the above mentioned elements such as peak intensities, intensity ratios, and area under spectral lines were analyzed. Optimization of laser pulse energy, detection gate width and gate delay for well resolved spectra with high signal to noise ratio was done and other parameters studied. Among the spectral lines selected for analysis, the Na I 589.00 and 589.60 nm doublet were found to show interesting properties. Tortillas manufactured by Gruma Corporation and Mexamerica, of brown, orange, green and white colors as well as homemade tortillas were studied in this work and the results from both dried and undried samples is presented. 

by Charles Ghany | Hervé Sanghapi | C R Bhatt | Bader Alfarraj | Fang Y. Yueh | Jagdish P. Singh "A Study of Wheat Flour Tortillas using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29209.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/food-engineering/29209/a-study-of-wheat-flour-tortillas-using-laser-induced-breakdown-spectroscopy-libs/charles-ghany

call for paper Communication Engineering, international journal Chassis Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Energy Harvesting Alternatives for Powering Critical WSN Based and Autonomous Monitoring Systems

Wireless Sensor Network WSN applications in the industry, domestic and commercial sectors are becoming quite interesting and exciting. For instance, since January 2005, major International Oil and Gas companies IOCs operating in Nigeria Niger Delta region have made wireless sensor network the defacto monitoring system for their vast oil and gas pipelines, oil wells and other facilities. This is because wireless technology has vast advantages over their wired counterpart. Despite the interest generated by the varied advantage of wireless sensor nodes in the oil and gas industry and other sectors, the biggest challenge lie in the limited battery energy of these tiny wireless sensor nodes. Battery energy of the wireless sensors are so limited that it will take maximum of one year to deplete and that will require massive replacements of the batteries so that the network will still be functional. This is almost impossible or very costly for a field of thousands or millions of wireless sensor nodes. This paper will examine the possibility of harvesting ambient or environmental energy sources such as RF, solar, piezoelectric, thermal etc to store and power these wireless sensor nodes so that the need for massive battery replacements will be avoided and costs saved. 

by Fidelis C. Obodoeze | Ndidi Fidelia Ugwoke | Edith Angela Ugwu "Energy Harvesting Alternatives for Powering Critical WSN-Based and Autonomous Monitoring Systems"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29131.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/29131/energy-harvesting-alternatives-for-powering-critical-wsn-based-and-autonomous-monitoring-systems/fidelis-c-obodoeze

call for paper Computer Engineering, international journal Mechanical Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Political Situations under King Mindon 1853 - 1878

This paper is an attempt to reveal the political situation of Myanmar during the reign of King Mindon. He ascended the throne only after the kingdom faced with two aggressive wars launched by the British imperialists. Because of those wars, the kingdom suffered deteriorations in terms of political, economic and social aspects. As a result of those wars, some parts of Myanmar territory also fell in the hands of the British imperialists. In this context, King Mindon had to endeavour to achieve the political stability and economic development in his kingdom. At first, he conducted administrative reforms with the aim of restoring internal stability and followed flexible policies in external relations with the aim of avoiding conflicts with the British in the future as well. He sent envoys to foreign countries with the aim of widening the horizons of his court officials. He also sent Myanmar youths to foreign countries to study modern sciences and technologies in order to establish factories which were installed with modern machines. Thus he tried to transform his kingdom into an industrialized nation. While standing side by side the British occupied Lower Myanmar, he did not fail to utilize the diplomatic means in dealing with other countries in order to gain international recognition to his kingdom as a sovereign nation. Because of his far sighted outlooks and wisdom, King Mindon could transform his kingdom into a semi modernized nation to some extent. Though he could not endeavour to regain the already lost territories, King Mindon was able to maintain the sovereignty of the rest part of the kingdom steadfastly. This paper tries to expose the political situations of Late Konbaung period during the reign of King Mindon. 

by Dr. War War Tun "Political Situations under King Mindon (1853 - 1878)"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28061.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/28061/political-situations-under-king-mindon-1853---1878/dr-war-war-tun

call for paper Agricultural Engineering, international journal Chemical Engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering

Analysis and Comparison of Different Spectrum Sensing Technique for WLAN

This Paper explores basic two systems of spectrum sensing Cooperative System and Non Cooperative System. Non Cooperative System includes Energy detector, Match Filter and cyclostationary with a performance analysis of transmitter based detection. It also includes analysis of Match Filter and Cyclostationary under low and high SNR, validating the result and applied the technique for Wireless local Area Network WLAN . To identify the no. of detected signal, chi square equation has been solved and finds the threshold. It has been observed during analysis that energy rises at high SNR under AWGN and under high SNR no. of detected signal decreases gradually when the no. of sample increases. When no. of sample increases then the no. of detected signal increases. The results of the detection techniques are reliable in comparison. Energy detection provides good result under high SNR values. All of the simulation work is done in MATLAB software and finalized the best detection technique for spectrum sensing. 

by Abrar Ahmed | Rashmi Raj "Analysis and Comparison of Different Spectrum Sensing Technique for WLAN"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6, October 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29174.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/29174/analysis-and-comparison-of-different-spectrum-sensing-technique-for-wlan/abrar-ahmed

call for paper Biomedical Engineering, international journal Nanotechnology, ugc approved journals for engineering