Investigations on Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Sand and Cement with Copper Slag and Rice Ask Ash

he Natural resources are getting exhausted rapidly so construction technology is moving toward the utilization of alternative materials industrial waste by product such as copper slag and agriculture waste such as rice ask ash. In this study use of copper slag in partial replacement of sand and cement from 0 to 20 and 0 to 20 Rice Husk ash by weight using design mix by satisfying different quality parameters has been done. M30 grade were prepared and the different strength parameters i.e. compressive strength, tensileand flexure strength. Partial substitution of Copper waste in concrete with shows good resistance to sulphate attack. Cost of Concrete production reduces when Copper Slag is used as a fine aggregate in concrete as replacement.

BY Agnimesh Singh Tomar | Pratiksha Malviya "Investigations on Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Sand and Cement with Copper Slag and Rice Ask Ash" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23539.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/23539/investigations-on-properties-of-concrete-by-partial-replacement-of-sand-and-cement-with-copper-slag-and-rice-ask-ash/agnimesh-singh-tomar

international peer reviewed journal, high impact factor, manuscript publication

Experimental Study on Properties of Black Cotton Soil Mixed Stone Dust and Sisal Fiber

Experimental Studies were conducted to see the effects on strength behavior of Black cotton soil using stone dust and Sisal fiber. In this study, the stabilizing effect of sisal Fiber Natural Fiber on soil properties. Keeping this in view an experimental study is conducted on locally available i.e. expensive soil mixed with varying percentage of Stone dust and Sisal fiber. Soil samples for California bearing ratio CBR tests are prepared at its maximum dry density MDD corresponding to its optimum moisture content OMC in the CBR mould without and with sisal fiber. Tests result indicates that both unsoaked and soaked CBR value of soil increases with the increase. Soaked CBR value increases from 3.97 to 9.75 and un soaked CBR value increases from 8.1 to 40.7 of soil mixed with stone dust and sisal fiber. Due to sisal fiber reinforcement CBR is increased resulting lesser thickness of pavements are used in construction works. Soil becomes ductile in nature. This is because of composite effect of sisal fibre Natural Fibre changes the brittle behavior of the soil to ductile behavior. 

BY Wankhade Ashutosh Purushottam | Pratiksha Malviya "Experimental Study on Properties of Black Cotton Soil Mixed Stone Dust & Sisal Fiber"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23536.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/23536/experimental-study-on-properties-of-black-cotton-soil-mixed-stone-dust-and-sisal-fiber/wankhade-ashutosh-purushottam

peer reviewed journals, international peer reviewed journal, high impact factor

Optimization of EDM Process Parameters using Response Surface Methodology for AISI D3 Steel

The present work demonstrates the optimization process of material removal rate MRR of electrical discharge machining EDM by RSM Response Surface Methodology . The work piece material was EN31 tool steel. The pulse on time, pulse off time, pulse current and voltage were the control parameters of EDM. RSM method was used to design the experiment using rotatable central composite design as this is the most widely used experimental design for modeling a second–order response surface. The process has been successfully modeled using response surface methodology RSM and model adequacy checking is also carried out using Minitab software. The second order response models have been validated with analysis of variance. Finally, an attempt has been made to estimate the optimum machining conditions to produce the best possible responses within the experimental constraints.

BY Dr. N. Mahesh Kumar | Mr. P. Chinna Rao "Optimization of EDM Process Parameters using Response Surface Methodology for AISI D3 Steel"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23535.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23535/optimization-of-edm-process-parameters-using-response-surface-methodology-for-aisi-d3-steel/dr-n-mahesh-kumar

multidisciplinary journal, peer reviewed journals, international peer reviewed journal

Solar Tracker in P.T.U E.P Department

The main importance for this paper is that sixth year students can be used laptop and projector in presentation for their mini thesis though the light is off. As four 90W solar panel is connected in parallel, total power is 360W that is reliable for our loads. In this paper, the comparison between single axis and dual axis tracker radiation for Pyay District is expressed. Moreover, Ardunio program is applied for dual axis solar tracker. Myanmar is more suitable solar power to store energy in battery during sunny days as renewable. 

BY Dr. Zarchi San | Daw Pan Wint Hmone Htwe | Daw Kkhaing Wint "Solar Tracker in P.T.U E.P Department"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23468.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23468/solar-tracker-in-ptu-ep-department/dr-zarchi-san

paper publication for student, research publication, conference issue publication

Question Bank Maker

The project is a question bank maker .It is helpful for the students to prepare themselves for learning important topics for the exam . Referring the previous question papers is a part of exam preparation. Learning the same after covering all the topics may be late in most of the cases. Thus if we could sort out and arrange all the questions in module wise it will be easier to go through previous questions. the question bank maker , sorts the Questions module wise, Year wise , Exam wise and mark wise. Question bank maker will produce the questions sort wise easily for the welfare of the students . The students will be able to go through previous questions easily as a part of exam preparations. In future the question bank maker can be fully automated to get question papers after exams identify chapters or module of each questions by itself with machine learning and generate files automatically after exams. Question bank maker is more than a simple question maker or question creator. Here you can upload the question papers as a pdf format and we can sort the question papers in module wise, mark wise and exam wise. 

BY Dr. Arun Thomas | Sheethal Shaji | Shery Shaju | Silji Simon C | Vishnu Narayan V "Question Bank Maker"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23208.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23208/question-bank-maker/dr-arun-thomas

indexed journal, paper publication, peer reviewed journal

Reduction in Size of Vars by using Different Materials in Generator

In present scenario to achieve refrigeration effect, we have to supply high grade energy which take from shaft which decreases the millage of automobile and increase in cost of fuel. It is not economical to produce refrigeration effect by VCRS .In VARS system we use wasteful energy from exhaust gases of automobile to produce refrigeration effect hence saving cost of fuel. Optimization of length of tubes of heat exchanger generator is done for different material like stainless steel, aluminium, copper to achieve 1TR Refrigeration effect. Inlet temperature of generator is 25°C and COP of refrigerator is 0.7. 

BY Prof. Animesh Kumar | Om Singh Patel | Nishi Yadav | Pooja Shakya | Muzzafar Ayub Khan "Reduction in Size of Vars by using Different Materials in Generator"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23473.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23473/reduction-in-size-of-vars-by-using-different-materials-in-generator/prof-animesh-kumar

open access journal of management, indexed journal, paper publication

Real Time Physiological Status Monitorinig through Telemetry System for on Spot Accident Patients using IoT

In today's era, Internet of Things is playing an important role in health care management systems, which is not only for monitoring but also to communicate, stores and display. The prime aim of this study is to design and implement effective real time healthcare monitoring dashboard for on spot accident patients who is injured and went to unconscious state. The proposed system monitor the ECG, EEG, EMG waveforms, Temperature, heart beats etc, and transmit those vital parameters wirelessly through wifi technology. The transmitted patients data is displayed in the PC based application called the central nurse station where PC with the receive wifi acts as hub. This data gets updated into database continuously. From the database of the android application fetches all the updated data, stores and displays it. This enables the doctor to receive the current status of an accident patient in real time. The parameters of a particular patient go beyond a threshold value an automated notification will pop up in doctor android mobile application. This android application can also generate call option if the doctor will not notifynotification messages. Additionally system is also able to generate alarm to notify nurse around for emergency treatment and by using GSM module the patient data's can also be send to the authorized person i.e friends, relatives etc. Ultimate goal of this project is to implement a low cost, high efficient and effective wireless real time system for health monitoring through telemetry system. 

BY S. Rabia Jebin | N. Mohamedbeemubeen "Real Time Physiological Status Monitorinig through Telemetry System for on-Spot-Accident Patients using IoT"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23470.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/bio-mechanicaland-biomedical-engineering/23470/real-time-physiological-status-monitorinig-through-telemetry-system-for-on-spot-accident-patients-using-iot/s-rabia-jebin

open access journal of science, open access journal of engineering, open access journal of management

Autonomous Driving using Deep Reinforcement Learning in Urban Environment

Deep Reinforcement Learning has led us to newer possibilities in solving complex control and navigation related tasks. The paper presents Deep Reinforcement Learning autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance of self driving cars, applied with Deep Q Network to a simulated car an urban environment. “The car, using a variety of sensors will be easily able to detect pedestrians, objects will allow the car to slow or stop suddenly. As a computer is far more precise and subject to fewer errors than a human, accident rates may reduce when these vehicles become available to consumers. This autonomous technology would lead to fewer traffic jams and safe road”. 

BY Hashim Shakil Ansari | Goutam R "Autonomous Driving using Deep Reinforcement Learning in Urban Environment"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23442.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23442/autonomous-driving-using-deep-reinforcement-learning-in-urban-environment/hashim-shakil-ansari

open access journal, open access journal of chemistry, open access journal of science

Remote Operated Shutter System with Fingerprint Lock

The ultimate purpose of this project is to develop a remote controlled rolling shutter using a sensor. In this project the main objective is the shutter operate as manual and also motor, this is two in one process. In the project the bevel gear mechanism is used to sensor this type is INFRARED. This remote control is used to ON OFF the motor. The final outcomes the project is the running the shutter using remote control. The scope of the project is to reduce the manual work and human injuries due to shutter operation. 

BY Prof. S. J. Kulkarni | Prof. S. N. Jadhav | Prof. Dhavale M. R. "Remote Operated Shutter System with Fingerprint Lock"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23435.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23435/remote-operated-shutter-system-with-fingerprint-lock/prof-s-j-kulkarni

medical science journal, life sciences journal, languages journal

Design and Development of An Environmental Temperature Controller for Application to A Poultry Environment with An SMS Alert Feature Using A Microcontroller A Risk Reduction Approach

This work focus on design and development of an environmental temperature controller for application to a poultry environment with an sms alert feature a risk reduction approach. The poultry farmer needs to be assured that his investment is secure against risks that are beyond his control. This risks have most of their origins in the variable temperature of the environment. The objective of the project is to control or regulate the temperature in the poultry environment to make for effective functioning of the biological activities taking place inside the bodies of the birds. This objective was realized using a microcontroller to help the farmer be able to regulate the temperature in the farm. In the case of abrupt temperature variation, is able to be aware via an sms alert feature and empowered to control it. Results obtained proved to be very helpful to poultry farmers. 

BY S. O. N. Okonye | U. M Asiwe "Design and Development of An Environmental Temperature Controller for Application to A Poultry Environment with An SMS Alert Feature Using A Microcontroller: A Risk Reduction Approach"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23492.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23492/design-and-development-of-an-environmental-temperature-controller-for-application-to-a-poultry-environment-with-an-sms-alert-feature-using-a-microcontroller-a-risk-reduction-approach/s-o-n-okonye

arts journal, medical science journal, life sciences journal

Automatic Car Washing and Drying using Microcontroller 8051

Automatic car washing system is very common in developed countries. Car washing system is usually associated with fuel filling stations. It consists of large machines with automated brushes controlled by program logical controllers. Automatic car washing system is fully automated with different stages of foaming, washing, drying and brushing. Different types of car washing systems are discussed in this paper. This system uses large quantity of water, thus water recycling plant is also an integral part of the automatic car washing system but at this level we are only presented the car washing only. 

BY Satbhai Sneha Nitin | Gavhane Pamabai Raghunath | Dharmadhikari Rushikesh Vinayak "Automatic Car Washing and Drying using Microcontroller 8051"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23433.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23433/automatic-car-washing-and-drying-using-microcontroller-8051/satbhai-sneha-nitin

commerce journal, arts journal, medical science journal

Structures to Resist the Effects of the Accidental Explosions

Currently in the field of civil engineering the requirement regarding knowledge blast loads are essential. Every country in the world are having terrorist threats. As the scenario of terrorist attacks are unpredictable neither location nor blast material used. This provides an outline to analysis and design to resist blast loads. We have taken an example model to illustrate evaluation of blast parameters which are used in the analysis. The analysis and design of structures to resist blast explosive loads is having utmost importance compared to the conventional type of structures. Where Loading is actually independent of time variation. From past few decades terrorist attacks are becoming a new threat to people lives material used, its quantity, and distance from structure etc. Since we don't know when the blasting activity is going to be happened and type of charge material is used, depends on importance of structure we have to make sure the design of structure should be such that it should resist the failure against blasting activities and to property also. The amount of damage caused to structure is depends upon type of charge. Blast loads, its contribution to structures and other required provisions are opted from Technical Manual 5 1300 and IS 4991 1968.The design method used is Equivalent Static Approach. Analysis of frames of structure is done with software package. 

BY Kota Sudeep | V. Narasimha Rao "Structures to Resist the Effects of the Accidental Explosions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23455.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/23455/structures-to-resist-the-effects-of-the-accidental-explosions/kota-sudeep

mathematics journal, physics journal, chemistry journal

Study on Bio Mimetic Portable Robotic Arm

The purpose of the project is to encourage automation in almost every activities which require much labor for the completion of the job. Many industries spend a lot of money and time in hiring the labors to carry out their day to day physical activities like transportation of goods, assembly of delicate components in electronics industry, packaging of products etc. Moreover, a variant of this robot model can be employed in areas which risks the human life for example, in Coal Mines, Deep tunnels within the surface of the earth, Defusing bombs, In other defense works etc. The main purpose of the gripper is to hold the items and place them as per the user requirement. For control system, the model constitutes of a microcontroller whose responsibility is to control the motions of the model, DC motor, Motor Drivers, Servo motors, Potentiometers, Joystick controls. The advanced version of the model can be implemented to perform complex human activities performing a surgery also can be used in various fields like Automobile industry, Instrumentation industries, military applications etc. This models holds the promise to re define the meaning of automation in the evolving digital era. 

BY Mr. B. Naresh | S. Rushikeshwar | T. Madhu | V. Shanthi Kumar | Shailendra Kumar "Study on Bio-Mimetic Portable Robotic Arm"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23394.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23394/study-on-bio-mimetic-portable-robotic-arm/mr-b-naresh

biological science journal, mathematics journal, physics journal

Towards Green Campus in BDCE

A green campus is a place where environmentally responsible practice and education go hand in hand and where environmentally responsible tenets are borne out by initiatives. In this project we would make vermi compost by decomposting paper waste, vegetatives etc., by minimizing use of plastic, little practice to save energy using solar energy, harvesting rainwater and introducing community garden. On the basis of our project “Towards Green Campus” we have concluded that after analyzing and implementing the campus of BDCOE, Sevagram various points such as Quality of water has been tested and as for the result it is found portable for the drinking. Waste can be reduced by methodology of composting of waste Solid Waste Waste. It is helpful by implementing the principle of 3R.The good result by maintaining the greenery in campus by implementing our effective techniques. 

BY Prof. P. R. Khobragade "Towards Green Campus in BDCE"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22915.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/22915/towards-green-campus-in-bdce/prof-p-r-khobragade

economics journal, biological science journal, mathematics journal

Implementation of a Robotic Vehicle using an RF Module

The field of robotics is an area in which computational intelligence is embedded in physical machines, creating systems with capabilities far exceeding the core components alone. Robotic vehicles are machines that move “autonomously” on the ground, in the air, under the sea, or in space. In general, these vehicles move by themselves, under their own power, with sensors and computational resources on board to guide their motion. Robotic ground vehicles are developed with wheels and tread much like automobiles. Use was made of an RF transmitter receiver for sending and receiving data and a microcontroller as data handlers both in the transmission and receiving stages establishing a circuit that can be easily re programmed for other applications.In this work, the Pulse Width Modulator “PWM” technology is adopted for controlling the motors. The device was tested and found to be workable.

BY  S. O. N. Okonye | U. M. Asiwe "Implementation of a Robotic Vehicle using an RF Module"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23474.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23474/implementation-of-a-robotic-vehicle-using-an-rf-module/s-o-n-okonye

computer science journal, economics journal, biological science journal

Effect of Operating Temperatures on the Performance of a SOFC GT Hybrid System

This article presents a steady state thermodynamic model of a solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine hybrid cycle which developed by using a simulation software, MATLAB®. The hybrid model integrates a zero dimensional level SOFC model with gas turbine. The hybrid system was used to study the effects of some operation parameter such as SOFC operating temperature, and current density on the specific work output, electrical efficiency, and exergy efficiency of a generic hybrid cycle. The results show that if the SOFC operating temperature, the power output, electrical efficiency, and exergy efficiency increase. The electrical efficiency of the hybrid system increase from 62 to 68 , and the exergy efficiency of the hybrid system increases from 60 to 66 when the operation temperature increases from 600°C to 750°C at a current density of 6000 A cm2. On the other hand, the system efficiency and exergy decreases with an increase in the current density. 

BY Abdulrazzak Akroot "Effect of Operating Temperatures on the Performance of a SOFC/GT Hybrid System"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23412.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23412/effect-of-operating-temperatures-on-the-performance-of-a-sofcgt-hybrid-system/abdulrazzak-akroot

pharmacy journal, computer science journal, economics journal

Power Flow Analysis for Four Buses System by NR Method

Power flow studies provide a systematic mathematical approach for determination of various bus voltages, there phase angle, active and reactive power flows through different branches, generators and loads under steady state condition. In this paper, the purpose of power flow analysis is to determine four bus system power flows. Case studies have been performed on Lawpita Taungoo Kamarnat Hlawga 230kV Line Myanmar . This paper presents a reliable method to meet the requirements by developing a Newton Raphson based load flow calculation program through which control setting of Shunt Compensator can be determined directly. This program computes the voltage magnitude and angle at each bus in a power system under balanced steady state conditions. Real and reactive power flows for all buses, as well as line flow and line losses, are also computed. And then the compensation of shunt capacitor is proposed for load flow analysis and also for overall loss minimization and improvement in system voltage profile. 

BY Wint Yu Yu Zaw "Power Flow Analysis for Four Buses System by NR Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23472.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23472/power-flow-analysis-for-four-buses-system-by-nr-method/wint-yu-yu-zaw

technology journal, pharmacy journal, computer science journal

Voltage Generation using Piezo Crystals

This work describes the recent advancements in piezoelectric energy harvesting concepts for smart city applications. Several works have been reported which discussed the detailed design and use of different piezoelectric materials to harvest energy from vibration. In the smart city context there are many opportunities to convert mechanical to electrical such as human motion, sounds, machines and streets. Researchers have studied the factors that affect the amount of the output generated power from various sources to determine its efficiency. Effect of harvester structure, material that is used in fabricating the harvester mobility of human in its location, and other factors have been studied. Efficiency of piezoelectric harvesters is an essential parameter to judge the performance of the prototype for the betterment of energy resources. 

BY Yusra Wangde | Pranay Mendhe | Daniya Soparker | Vicky Gupta | Prof. Jyoti Dange "Voltage Generation using Piezo-Crystals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23440.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23440/voltage-generation-using-piezo-crystals/yusra-wangde

science journal, technology journal, pharmacy journal

Modeling of Water Absorption by Dried Palm Nut Soaked at Room Temperature

In cracking palm nuts by application of appropriate impact energy, one of the predominant factors that would enhance the release of either high percentage of whole or split kernels is the percentage level of moisture content in the nuts. The split kernels encourage rancidity of oil since the oily surface of the kernel is exposed to environmental influence. There is therefore need to study the absorption of water in dried palm nuts as a pointer to condition dried nuts to moisture content range that would enhance the production of whole kernels. In this study, dried Dura and Tenera palm nuts varieties were obtained from a palm oil processing mill, classified based on their minor diameter into three size ranges of small, medium and large sizes. These nuts were further dried to bone dry mass followed by immersion of each size range of nuts into different vessels containing water. The rate of water absorption was monitored at 3 hourly intervals. The data generated were analyzed. The result showed that the rate of water absorption per nut unit area had similar curves pattern as the drying curve established for palm nuts. Models for water absorption process involving the dried palm nut was developed based on basic underlying principles and data generated from experimental runs. The models were then validated and found to be very useful in describing the water absorption process per nut unit area in a given time and predicting moisture content of bone dry mass of nut soaked in water and kept at room temperature. 

BY Orua Antia | Ubong Assian | Olosunde William "Modeling of Water Absorption by Dried Palm Nut Soaked at Room Temperature"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23471.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/food-engineering/23471/modeling-of-water-absorption-by-dried-palm-nut-soaked-at-room-temperature/orua-antia

engineering journal, science journal, technology journal

Mining Health Examination Records A Graph Based Approach

EHR Electronic Health Records collects data on yearly basis and it is used in many countries for healthcare.HER Health Examination Records collects the data on regular basis and identifies the participants at risk that is important for early warning and prevention.the fundamental challenge is for learning classification model for risk prediction with unlabelled data and live data string that established the majority of the collected dataset.the unlabelled data string describes the participants in health examintions whose health conditions can be vary from healthy to highly risky or very ill.in this paper, we propose a graph based,semisupervised learning algorithm called SHG health semi supervised heterogenous graph on Health for risk prediction and assessment to classify a progressively developing condition with the majority of the data unlabelled. An efficient iterative algorithm is designed and developed to proof the convergence is given.extensive experiments based on both real health examination dataset and live datasets to show effectiveness of our method. 

BY Jayashri A. Sonawane | Dr. Swati A. Bhavsar "Mining Health Examination Records - A Graph Based Approach"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22810.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/22810/mining-health-examination-records---a-graph-based-approach/jayashri-a-sonawane

journal publications, engineering journal, science journal

Smart Solar Grass Cutter Robot

Today, we know that solar energy is a renewable source of energy. And the fossils fuel may not be available in the future and it also pollutes to our environment. So we have to use, one of the most promising source of energy where everyone focusing on the concept of solar power and its utilization. Smartly grass cutting robot detects obstacles by the ultrasonic sensor with servo in wide range for avoiding obstacles without any need of human interaction. All the motors, sensors and cutting operation are automatically controlled by the Arduino and manually by Bluetooth module. And the cutting operation is performed by single metallic thread which is operated by DC motor 10000 rpm . Cutting robot batteries charged by a charging dock which is located in the ground separately. Charging dock is attached with the Solar panel and charging controller.

BY  Ajit Singh Shekhawat | Nikesh Kumar | Roopal Yadav | Siddharth Tyagi | Arun Pratap Singh "Smart Solar Grass Cutter Robot"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23320.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23320/smart-solar-grass-cutter-robot/ajit-singh-shekhawat

ugc approved journals for social science, ugc approved management journal, ugc approved science journal

Gesture Control Robot using Arduino

According to the World Federation of the Deaf, only 10 percent of the worlds Deaf population receives any education, and only 3 percent receives this education in sign language. Another problem these deaf and face is inability to communicate with a person who does not understand the sign language. This project aims to reduce these problems by presenting a Sign Language. The project uses a hepatic glove to acquire signals corresponding to various hand gestures. The glove is interfaced with robot using an Arduino. Accelerometers are used to measure the angular displacement of human hand motion .The accelerometer controls the movement of the robot. Device is made of mainly two parts, one is RF transmitter and another is RF receiver. The RF transmitter will transmit the signal according to the position of accelerometer attached on your hand and the RF receiver will receive the signal and make the robot move in respective direction. 

BY Deepanshu Kiran | Himanshu Singh | Kushal Kant Singh Saxeriya "Gesture Control Robot using Arduino"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23411.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23411/gesture-control-robot-using-arduino/deepanshu-kiran

ugc approved journals in commerce, ugc approved journals in mathemetics, ugc approved journals for science

Analytical Study of Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics at Deonar Dumping Yard in Mumbai Region, Maharashtra, India

Waste management is an international sensation, rising population, industrialization and urbanization are accountable to produce a tremendous amount of waste. Today's daily waste generation rate is about 760,000 tons. By 2025, this rate will be increased to about 1.8 million tons per day. These approximations are conservative the real values are probably double of this amount. 1 The estimated municipal solid waste generation by 8 Municipal Corporations and 9 Municipal Councils in Mumbai Metropolitan Region MMR cumulatively generate more than 10,000 metric tons of solid waste per day. Due to growth in population, industrialization and urbanization, the generation of solid waste has increased frighteningly. There is a high need for systematic management of municipal solid waste and for that understanding of characteristics play a vital role in it. In these research paper characteristics of Deonar dumping, yard has been studied on pre monsoon and post monsoon bases and encounter that, it contained some amount of organic and recyclable part, which if managed well, will reduce the load on dumping yard considerably.

BY  Dabhi Jagrutiben | Abhay Shelar "Analytical Study of Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics at Deonar Dumping Yard in Mumbai Region, Maharashtra, India"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23333.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environment-engineering/23333/analytical-study-of-municipal-solid-waste-characteristics-at-deonar-dumping-yard-in-mumbai-region-maharashtra-india/dabhi-jagrutiben

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Comparative CFD and Simulative Analysis of Flow Behaviour to Calculate Losses in Different Geometrical Pipes

In order to transport the fluid effectively without suffering much energy loss it becomes very important to understand the frictional losses in fluid flow. And here basically two very crucial types of Losses are discussed such as Major Energy Loss this occur due to friction and other one is Minor Energy Loss this is due to sudden expansion, sudden contraction and bend in a pipe . This study will focus on calculating Losses like Major and Minor loss in turbulent fluid flow through pipes of different geometries expansion, contraction and bend . And the whole study will be performed using three different techniques firstly being experimentally performed in Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Laboratory, secondly at nodal centre of IIT DELHI using programme Virtual Labs, a project initiated by the MHRD, Govt. of India, and thirdly using ANSYS FLUENT a simulation and modelling software. The results obtained by using the three above discussed methods would be used for result validation and pointing the most effective method to calculate losses in flow through pipes. 

BY Er. Ajay Rana | Er. Nishant Kumar "Comparative CFD and Simulative Analysis of Flow Behaviour to Calculate Losses in Different Geometrical Pipes"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23381.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23381/comparative-cfd-and-simulative-analysis-of-flow-behaviour-to-calculate-losses-in-different-geometrical-pipes/er-ajay-rana

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Design and Analysis of Pedal Box with Braking System

A design process for an automotive pedal box system is presented in this paper. The work begins with a review of research carried out on pedal box system. It is followed by the process of designing a complete pedal box system. Reverse engineering process by using a steel pedal box system by use of MS Plate. The Pedal box design with proper pedal ratio and the use of single brake for both front and rear braking is designed.

BY Md. Hameed | B. Praveen Kumar | B. Rohit | B. Surya Sai | G. Sai Kiran "Design and Analysis of Pedal Box with Braking System"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23413.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23413/design-and-analysis-of-pedal-box-with-braking-system/md-hameed

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EEG Classification using Semi Supervised Learning

The major challenge in the current brain–computer interface research is the accurate classification of time varying electroencephalographic EEG signals. The labeled EEG samples are usually scarce, while the unlabeled samples are available in large quantities and easy to collect in real applications. Semi supervised learning SSL methods can utilize both labeled and unlabeled data to improve performance over supervised approaches. However, it has been reported that the unlabeled data may undermine the performance of SSL in some cases. This study proposes a three stages technique for automatic detection of epileptic seizure in EEG signals. In practical application of pattern recognition, there are often diverse features extracted from raw data which needs to be recognized. Proposed method is based on time series signal, spectral analysis and recurrent neural networks RNNs . Decision making was performed in three stages i feature extraction using Welch method power spectrum density estimation PSD ii dimensionality reduction using statistics over extracted features and time series signal samples iii EEG classification using recurrent neural networks. This study shows that Welch method power spectrum density estimation is an appropriate feature which well represents EEG signals. We achieved higher classification accuracy specificity, sensitivity, classification accuracy in comparison with other researches to classify EEG signals exactly 100 in this study. To improve the safety of SSL, we proposed a new safety control mechanism by analyzing the differences between unlabeled data analysis in supervised and semi supervised learning. We then develop and implement a safe classification method based on the semi supervised extreme learning machine SS ELM . Following this approach, the Wasserstein distance is used to measure the similarities between the predictions obtained from ELM and SS ELM algorithms, and a different risk degree is thereby calculated for each unlabeled data instance. A risk based regularization term is then constructed and embedded into the objective function of the SS ELM. Extensive experiments were conducted using benchmark and EEG datasets to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the performance of the new algorithm is comparable to SS ELM and superior to ELM on average. It is thereby shown that the proposed method is safe and efficient for the classification of EEG signals. 

BY Shivshankar Kumar Yadav | Veena S. "EEG Classification using Semi Supervised Learning"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23355.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23355/eeg-classification-using-semi-supervised-learning/shivshankar-kumar-yadav

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All Terrain Offensive and Defensive Robot

Generally, various risky tasks or certain difficult operations cannot be done completely by humans and thus there is need for change in present era. As robots play vital roles in different fields of industries, medical, colleges, home appliances, military and defence, thus robots can be good and effective option for such difficult purposes. The proposed work is to develop an all terrain robot prototype. The robots which are presently in the market works on simple terrains while this project claims to make a prototype which can work on plain surfaces as well as rough surfaces such as forests, hilly and rocky areas. This project presents a offensive and defensive robot which uses different technologies like Arduino, Android Application, Bluetooth module and Laser Module. It develops a low voltage power supply, low cost and wireless robot prototype which is controlled using microcontroller and android application. 

BY Dr. M. Sampath Kumar | Anchal Mohanty | Meghana Beesu | E. Sai Kiran "All Terrain Offensive and Defensive Robot"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23370.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23370/all-terrain-offensive-and-defensive-robot/dr-m-sampath-kumar

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IOT Based Smart Cities

Since the development of advanced metering and digital technology, Smart City has been equipped based on things IOT in different electronic devices, and therefore smarter than before. The purpose of this paper is to carry out the concept of smart cities and their motivation and application of a comprehensive review. In addition, the survey describes the intelligent networking technology and smart cities and major components of urban functions. This also explains the major challenges and experiences around the world. 

BY Mukesh Kumawat | Mr. Durgesh Kumar | Dr. Garima Mathur "IOT Based Smart Cities"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23246.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23246/iot-based-smart-cities/mukesh-kumawat

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Removal of Pb II from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon Prepared from Garlic Waste

The recent study explains about the removal of Pb II ions from aqueous solution using activated carbon prepared from Garlic waste. Garlic peels have been used for the production of Carbon by treating with conc.H2SO4 for metal ions removal. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Boehm titration have been used for various physicochemical characterization of the outcome of activated carbon which proclaimed the presence of oxygen containing surface functional groups like phenolic, lactonic and carboxylic in the carbons. In a batch adsorption process the effect of pH and initial metal ion concentration was calculated. The optimum pH for lead adsorption is found to be equal to 6.The resultant activated carbon showed maximum adsorption capacity of Pb II was 210 mg g 1. The waste material which is used in this work is cost effective and easily available for the production of activated carbon. Hence the removal of Pb II from water using the carbons prepared from Garlic peels can act as possible low cost adsorbents for the removal of Pb II from water. 

BY R. Mary Nancy Flora | Ashok | Ramanathan "Removal of Pb (II) from Aqueous Solutions using Activated Carbon Prepared from Garlic Waste"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23365.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/chemical-engineering/23365/removal-of-pb-ii-from-aqueous-solutions-using-activated-carbon-prepared-from-garlic-waste/r-mary-nancy-flora

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Design of Solar Powered Air Conditioning System

The demand of air conditioning is increasing due to the effect of climate change and global warming. If we still rely on the conventional electric air conditioning it will be harmful in future because electricity is generated from fossil fuels, the greenhouse gas emission would continuously worsen global warming, in turn the demand of air conditioning would be further increasing. Also the rate of electricity is increased by 6 which will goes on increasing in future. The solar powered air conditioners which are available in market are direct current air conditioners, we are designing a system for running a current air conditioner on solar which runs on alternate current. So in order to reduce the global warming and the green house gas emission effect we should adopt the natural way for the generation of electricity which in turn reduces the cost of electricity by conventional way. As the temperature of the earth is increasing day by day, the need of cooling is also increasing. But the bitter truth is that the temperature of earth is always goes on increasing. So in future there should be the need of centralized air conditioning. And as temperature increases we will get more amount of solar energy. 

BY Saraf Akshay Avinash "Design of Solar Powered Air Conditioning System"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23347.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23347/design-of-solar-powered-air-conditioning-system/saraf-akshay-avinash

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Chemical Safety in Textile Industry

Material industry in India contributes a considerable measure to the development of Indian economy and assumes a vital part in giving the work to the rustic and urban populace in India however it neglects to cultivate instruction and wellbeing as key segment of human advancement. There are distinctive risks looked by the laborers in material industry, for example, introduction to cotton dust, presentation to synthetic substances, commotion and ergonomics issues and so on. There are likewise a few variables, which are dependable to make the perils in the workplace I.e. work stressed, ill advised utilization of individual defensive hardware stretch, unfortunate workplace and poor working conditions and so on. The majority of the specialists are unskilled and dont have the foggiest idea about that what defensive measures ought to be embraced for their occupations. To keep the medical problems of specialists in ventures it is basic that the laborers know about the different word related risks in the business. It is additionally fundamental that the administration should find a way to shield specialists from potential dangerous circumstance. The wide utilization of synthetic concoctions in material generation is basic learning, while next to no has been done to unveil the possibly destructive mixes stowing away in our storage room. 

BY Ligori Aruldass. T | Arun Karthik. V. M "Chemical Safety in Textile Industry"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23135.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23135/chemical-safety-in-textile-industry/ligori-aruldass-t

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Virtual and Augmented Reality An Overview

Augmented reality is an innovation which allows a user to the computer simulated environment, regardless of whether that condition is a reproduction of this present reality or a conjured up universe. It is the way to encountering, feeling and contacting the past, present and whats to come. It is the medium of making our very own reality, our own customized reality. It could go from making a computer game to having a virtual walk around the universe, from strolling through our very own fantasy house to encountering a stroll on an outsider planet. With computer generated reality, we can encounter the scariest and exhausting circumstances by playing safe and with a learning point of view. Not many individuals, be that as it may, truly realize what VR is, the thing that it is fundamental standards and its open issues are. In this paper a chronicled outline of computer generated reality is displayed, essential wording and classes of VR frameworks are recorded. A savvy investigation of normal VR frameworks is done and finds the difficulties of Virtual Reality. Augmented reality, in which virtual substance is reliably planned with grandstands of genuine scenes, is a creating zone of natural arrangement. With the climb of individual cellphones prepared for making charming augmented reality conditions, the tremendous ability of AR has begun to be examined. This paper audits the present forefront in expanded reality. It delineates work performed in different application territories and clears up the leaving issues experienced when building extended reality applications considering the ergonomic besides, specialized confinements of cell phones. 

BY Pratibha Jha | Sapna Yadav "Virtual and Augmented Reality: An Overview"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23351.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/23351/virtual-and-augmented-reality-an-overview/pratibha-jha

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Authenticated Access of ATM Cards

Due to the rise and rapid growth of E commerce the use ATM cards has drastically increased which caused an explosion in the ATM card frauds. In real life fraudulent transaction are scattered with genuine transactions Hence simple pattern matching techniques, for instance Personal Identification Number PIN are not enough to detect these frauds accurately. Implementation of efficient fraud detection system has become imperative to reduce people loss. Our project aims to prevent the use of ATM cards without the authorization of owner or card holder. At present the card can be accessed if the PIN is known. The amount withdrawn or transferred is notified by the card holder only after complete transaction .Hence the process can't be retrieved. But the project intimates the card owner before the transaction begins even if the PIN is known. This is limited only to card transaction and not to online mode. Hence the verification can be extended to online process. 

Poornima D | Preethi Mariam Oommen P | Nirmala Devi K "Authenticated Access of ATM Cards"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23330.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23330/authenticated-access-of-atm-cards/poornima-d

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Preparation of Fan Coil Unit using Revit Software

This project “Fan coil unit preparation by using Revit software” deals with the study of air conditioner and water conditioner system in a single unit. The main object behind this project is to supply chilled water through MS pipes based on load calculations by considering the required standards. In this pipe design calculations are done by using the AUTODESK REVIT MEP software to design pipes with proper adjustments and fittings. This fan coil unit system is to be designed only for places where natural ventilation is available. The multifunctional system which can provide cold water, refrigeration effect and air conditioning effect with regular air or space conditioning system. Fan coil unit is based on indirect refrigeration system mostly used as secondary refrigeration system. In this project we have using water as primary refrigerant. Along with this, air and water systems are used primarily for perimeter building spaces with high sensible loads and where close control of humidity is not a primary criterion. These systems work well in the residential buildings, office buildings, hospitals, schools, apartment buildings, and other buildings where their capabilities can meet the project design intent and criteria. In most climates, these systems are designed to provide all of the required heating and cooling needs for perimeter spaces, and simultaneous heating and cooling in different spaces during intermediate seasons. 

BY A. Vijay kumar | O. Ajay kumar | K. Bala Kumar | M. Dinesh kumar "Preparation of Fan Coil Unit using Revit Software" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23376.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23376/preparation-of-fan-coil-unit-using-revit-software/a-vijay-kumar

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Automated Timer Socket using Arduino

A glace view of our idea is designing a new innovative idea which can monitor the flow of power supply to the existing plug sockets. As in India demand for electricity is increasing day by day, there is a need to implement an idea in order to meet this problem. So not only synthesizing an method to generate the electricity but also a method to save the electricity. Even though there are smart house systems basing on home automation, they only disconnect the electrical or electronic devices form the supply but the power supply to the socket in which the appliance is plugged in can't be stopped. The myth about overcharging your phone is a common one. The amount of charge going into your device shouldnt be an issue as most are smart enough to stop taking a charge once full, just topping up as needed to stay at 100 per cent. The problems occur when the battery overheats, which can cause damage. So.in our paper we are proposing and implementing the automated timer socket using arduino for real time applications. 

BY G. Chakra Mahesh Babu | I. Mahesh Veera Bhadrarao | M. Venkata Balaji | Ch. Sai Praveen "Automated Timer Socket using Arduino"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23157.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/23157/automated-timer-socket-using-arduino/g-chakra-mahesh-babu

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Fabrication of Electric Two Wheeler

The percentage of pollutants in the air from vehicular emission has increased as market constitutes of more fossil fuel powered vehicles than new green technology. Now days demand of the fossil fuel is reduced in the market we are encourage the new technology and green technology that convent electrical energy to mechanical energy with eco friendly. In this project all conventional parts engine, petrol tank of two wheeler replaced with electrical components motor, battery and controller . This project electric drive is given to back wheel same like the IC engine powers the back wheel drive. Thus the project prototype can drive on rechargeable battery as a fuel with the help of the controller and throttle. When throttle is raised according to that motor shaft runs similarly with chain drive and speed varies. As the IC Engine is least efficient at low speed traffic condition , electrical vehicle can give more efficient in this case. The electric drive is not only silent but also low heat dissipation compared to petrol powered two wheeler. The electric vehicle can't travel a long distance, but it can carry heavy loads. Due to these reasons, Electric vehicles are coming into the market with more benefits. 

BY B. Phanindra Kumar | S. Soumya Reddy | R .Sudharshan | P. Vamshi Krishna "Fabrication of Electric Two Wheeler"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23377.pdf

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23377/fabrication-of-electric-two-wheeler/b-phanindra-kumar

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