Performance Analysis of Fading Channels on Cooperative Mode Spectrum Sensing Technique for Cognitive Radio

Spectrum sensing is the main feature of cognitive radio technology. Spectrum sensing gives an idea of detecting the presence of the primary users in a licensed spectrum. The sensing of radio spectrum is an essential problem in cognitive radio CR networks, where secondary users SUs need to detect the presence of primary users PUs before they use the spectrum allocated to PUs. The detection of primary user status and the spectrum sensing are the major issues in cognitive radio systems. We employ one of the simplest and most efficient Spectrum Sensing technique, the cooperative spectrum sensing with three different digital modulation techniques BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM. In this paper, we analyze the performance of the cooperative spectrum sensing technique with BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM modulation techniques over Rayleigh fading Channel. Further, we analyze the performance and BER Bit Error Rate of cooperative spectrum sensing under Rayleigh fading and AWGN channels. The investigation and analysis on cooperative spectrum sensing with above digital modulation techniques can be utilized for future reference of spectrum sensing in the CR networks over AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels. 

by Sangram Singh | Rashmi Raj ""Performance Analysis of Fading Channels on Cooperative Mode Spectrum Sensing Technique for Cognitive Radio""

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30338.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30338/performance-analysis-of-fading-channels-on-cooperative-mode-spectrum-sensing-technique-for-cognitive-radio/sangram-singh

callforpapermedicalscience, medicalsciencejournal, manuscriptsubmission

Gesture Based Communication System

Gesture based communication system is designed keeping in mind the communication needs of the people who are either bedridden or suffer from some kind of speech impairment. The main benefit of this system is that it's not necessary for some other person to be present with the bedridden person always by providing message services. It is a microcontroller based system that uses buttons present on the glove to display on a screen and play a particular message through speaker that is already stored in the system and uses joystick to compose a message not present in the system and to send the same to a person not physically there. The person can also communicate with the disabled person through a software to ensure 2 way communication. In this way, this project will help to lower the communication gap between poorly abled and normal people. 

by Heebatullah | Zarka Latief | Nazish Ara | Sumyra Jan | Bazila Nazir ""Gesture Based Communication System""

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-2 , February 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30230.pdf

Paper Url : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30230/gesture-based-communication-system/heebatullah

ugcjournallist, listofugcapprovedjournals, researchpublication

Care – Max for Drowsiness Detection and Notification

This project proposes drowsiness detection and notification system for vehicles and a mobile application for car maintenance. The major objective of the system is to prevent the road accidents caused by driver falling asleep during the travel. The system for drowsiness detection has a camera that monitors the driver’s eye continuously. It calculates the eye aspect ratio to detect if the driver is drowsy. If found drowsy, alarm rings. In this project, a Raspberry Pi board is used for drowsiness detection and alerting the driver. The IoT based mobile application built using android studio proposed here has certain settings like next service date, interval for wheel air checking, interval for wheel alignment. The app is connected to the system using IoT. The information is sent to the system. These settings are notified to the driver through a voice module. 

R N Susheel | B M Mathumitha | Mr. C Raju ""Care – Max for Drowsiness Detection and Notification""

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30303.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/30303/care-%E2%80%93-max-for-drowsiness-detection-and-notification/r-n-susheel

ugcjournallist, listofugcapprovedjournals, researchpublication

MRI Brain Image Segmentation using Fuzzy Clustering Algorithms

MR image segmentation assumes a significant job and a significant job in the restorative field because of its assortment of utilizations particularly in Brain tumor investigation. Cerebrum tumor is an unusual and uncontrolled development of cells. It occupies room inside the skull. It can pack, move and damage solid cerebrum tissue and nerves. Additionally as a rule it deter with ordinary mind work. Tumors can be kindhearted non dangerous or threatening malignant , can occur in various pieces of the cerebrum. Cerebrum tumor arrangement and ID from Magnetic Resonance MR information is a fundamental. However, it requires some serious energy and manual errand finished by restorative pros. Mechanizing this undertaking is a difficult due to the high assortment in the vibe of tumor tissues among various patients and by and large similitude with the ordinary tissues. Right now, tumor picture has been portioned utilizing proposed Fuzzy grouping calculation FCM . The presentation of FCM division strategy is contrasted and those of watershed and SVM calculations. 

Pavithra. R | E. Sivaraman ""MRI Brain Image Segmentation using Fuzzy Clustering Algorithms""

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30316.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/30316/mri-brain-image-segmentation-using-fuzzy-clustering-algorithms/pavithra-r

highimpactfactor, manuscriptpublication

Comparative Assessments of Contrast Enhancement Techniques in Brain MRI Images

Image processing plays a significant role in the medical field, particularly in medical imaging diagnostics, which is a growing and challenging area. Medical imaging is advantageous in diagnosis and early detection of many harmful diseases. One of such dangerous disease is a brain tumor medical imaging provides proper diagnosis of brain tumor. This paper will have an analysis of fundamental concepts as well as algorithms for brain MRI image processing. We have adhered several image processing steps on brain MRI images, conducting specific contrast enhancements and segmentation techniques, and evaluating every techniques performance in terms of evaluation parameters. The methods evaluated based on two measurement criteria, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio PSNR and Mean Square Error MSE , namely Contrast Stretching, Shock Filter, Histogram Equalization, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization CLAHE . This comparative analysis will be handy in identifying the best way for medical diagnosis, which would be the best method for providing better performance for brain MRI image analysis than others. 

Anchal Sharma | Mr. Mukesh Kumar Saini ""Comparative Assessments of Contrast Enhancement Techniques in Brain MRI Images""
Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30336.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/bio-mechanicaland-biomedical-engineering/30336/comparative-assessments-of-contrast-enhancement-techniques-in-brain-mri-images/anchal-sharma

callforpapercommerce, ugcapprovedjournalsincommerce, commercejournal

Analyzing and Securing Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks through Cryptography Techniques

Wireless Sensor Networks are gaining popularity in various fields and areas. But these nodes are vulnerable as they are open networks and easily accessible. The major challenge is to have a secure data transmission between the nodes. To establish a secure transmission, we require a security scheme like a cryptographic algorithm, but this also requires a secure key distribution between nodes. The WSN’s have constraints like limited area, power and memory which restrict all the categories of cryptographic algorithm. Depending upon the criteria’s and constraints, cryptographic algorithm like Elliptic Curve Cryptography ECC is best suitable for WSN’s environment. ECC has a smaller key size, high security and less computation time which makes the node an efficient crypto system. In order to protect the security of data, we propose a novel secure transmission strategy based on Cryptography. In this design, we acquire sensitive information securely so as to make use of the advantage of encryption. Our approach deal with the weakness of limitation in sensor node resources and the security threats, it is suitable for stream data in sensor nodes. The simulation experiments also demonstrate that this approach is effective in transmitting sensitive data covertly with the characteristics of lower energy consumptions and invisibility. This paper describes the implementation of ECC cryptosystem for WSN for secure key and data transmission between the nodes. 

Shahid Ishaq | Rashmi Raj ""Analyzing & Securing Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks through Cryptography Techniques""

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30328.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30328/analyzing-and-securing-data-transmission-in-wireless-sensor-networks-through-cryptography-techniques/shahid-ishaq

callforpaperchemistry, chemistryjournal, openaccessjournalofchemistry 

Comparison and Analysis of Atmospheric Turbulence in Free Space Optical Communication for Srinagar

Traditional microwave communication systems can no longer support high bandwidth demand. Telecommunications companies in the country are therefore investing huge sums of money in laying underground fiber cables for their backbone network. The challenges these companies face in laying optical fiber cables include inaccessibility in the 4 major cities. These cities have already developed infrastructure i.e. buildings and roads . Therefore digging and laying cables are very difficult if not impossible in some suburbs. In such areas, the companies are forced to depend on microwave links. Again, due to lack of already developed network infrastructure design in the country, underground fiber cables are destroyed during road constructions. An alternative to fiber cables in inaccessible areas could be the use of FSO installation. FSO can be used to provide backup links in the event of fiber cable destruction or as a backbone network. Free Space Optical FSO communication is the transmission of optical signals through the atmosphere. To the best of our knowledge, evaluation of FSO performance in the country has not been investigated to determine its feasibility. This paper seeks to investigate whether FSO communication implementation is feasible in Srinagar. However, turbulent atmospheric conditions have impacts on its performance and therefore hampered its wide spread deployment. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of FSO in Srinagar. Atmospheric attenuation is estimated based on the atmospheric visibility data. Our results show atmospheric specific attenuation as high as 27.17dB km in the 1550nm window, 29.315dB km in 1300nm window and 35.20dB km in the 850nm window. The probability of encountering different atmospheric attenuation conditions is estimated. Fading loss due to scintillation is investigated using the lognormal statistical model. It is shown that the margin to compensate for losses due to scintillation depends on the power scintillation index and the allowable system outage probability. 

Tabassum Nisar | Rashmi Raj ""Comparison and Analysis of Atmospheric Turbulence in Free Space Optical Communication for Srinagar""

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30317.pdf

Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/30317/comparison-and-analysis-of-atmospheric-turbulence-in-free-space-optical-communication-for-srinagar/tabassum-nisar

callforpaperphysics, physicsjournal