Determination of Maximum Optical Range of FSO Link Affected by Atmospheric Attenuation in Spatial Diversity

In this paper we have analyzed free space optical communication system affected by atmospheric attenuation in spatial diversity. Spatial diversity means different numbers of transmitters and receivers in FSO link. We have taken five configurations of FSO which are 1x1, 2x2, 4x4, 8x8, and 16x16. 2x2 configuration means there are 2 transmitters and 2 receivers in FSO link. FSO link is analyzed at 1550 nm wavelength for different values of input power. Attenuation is taken as clear 0.43 dB Km , haze 4.3 dB Km and fog 43 dB Km . Maximum optical range of FSO link is calculated for constant Q factor of value 5.17. Eye diagrams are generated to produce the desired results.

By Poonam Agrawal | Sandeep Kumar Toshniwal "Determination of Maximum Optical Range of FSO Link Affected by Atmospheric Attenuation in Spatial Diversity" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, 

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18261.pdf

Direct Link: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/18261/determination-of-maximum-optical-range-of-fso-link-affected-by-atmospheric-attenuation-in-spatial-diversity/poonam-agrawal

best journal, manuscript submission, call for paper engineering

Experimental Study of Mechanical Strength of the Iron Mixed Concrete

Rational use of highly dispersed metal waste is an important issue of material science and environment protection. The quantity of the powdered metallic materials used in industry is steadily increasing they are especially widely used in the enterprises producing iron powders, in metal sheet production, as well as in abrasive machining. This paper presents an analysis of several kinds of metal waste such as iron and steel powders, mill scales, steel punching, metal shavings and other iron-containing waste from mechanical engineering and metallurgy industries, and the possibility of their use in the manufacturing of concrete products like fillers. 

This study investigates properties of the samples of the concrete manufactured using highly dispersed metallic fillers. The highest density obtained is in the range of 4000 - 4500 kg m3. The common characteristics of the aforementioned materials are their low cost, availability and thus the potential for large production volumes, need for recycling, and tendency to further oxidation and corrosion.

By A. Malliha "Experimental Study of Mechanical Strength of the Iron Mixed Concrete"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, 

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18568.pdf

Direct Link: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/18568/experimental-study-of-mechanical-strength-of-the-iron-mixed-concrete/a-malliha

peer reviewed journal, manuscript submission, call for paper engineering

Study on use of Saw Dust Ash as Replacement of Cement in Concrete

Scientists, Engineers and Technologists are continuously on the lookout for materials which can be used as substitutes for conventional materials or which possess such properties that would enable their use for new designs and innovations. Applications of Concrete alternative materials fall under the first category. The raw materials for making cement and aggregates are essentially limitless, since practically all of earth's crust can be utilized, if associated costs and energy requirements can be complied with. 

This course of action cannot be taken as there are other constraints that merit closer examination. The successful utilization of a waste material depends on its use being economically competitive with the alternate natural material. These costs are primarily made up of handling, processing and transportation. The waste materials that can be used in concrete are countless in number. The form in which they are used is wide and varied- they may be used as binder, as a partial replacement of conventional Portland cement or directly as aggregates in their natural or processed states. 

The stability and durability of products made of concrete using waste material over the expected life span is of utmost importance, particularly in relation to building and structural applications. Keeping all these considerations in mind and taking note of all required standard specifications, wherever possible. our Project aims at creating the confidence of using Waste saw dust ash as high value product in concrete. 

The project will explore several relevant issues that will be vital when using saw dust ash in concrete. The project will also examine ways to optimize the use of material so that they will offer maximum benefits to the concrete. The project will work out in making concrete industry sustainable. The basic necessity of man after food and water is shelt.

By Mohd Imran Lone Alise Mapnoo | Adil Masood "Study on use of Saw Dust Ash as Replacement of Cement in Concrete" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, 

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18433.pdf

Direct Link: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/18433/study-on-use-of-saw-dust-ash-as-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete/mohd-imran-lone-alise-mapnoo

paper publication, submit paper online, indexed journal

Image Denoising for AWGN Corrupted Image Using OWT and Thresholding

In this work, review of various well-known algorithms for image denoising is carried out and their performances with their methodologies are comparatively assessed. A new algorithm based on the orthonormal wavelet transform OWT is developed. In this work images corrupted by AWGN are denoised. Simulation results shows that proposed method using Orthonormal wavelets for different values of noise Standard Deviation s in dB outperforms other available methods. 

Also Coiflet Wavelet performs better than Symlet, Haar and Daubechies wavelets. The proposed Orthonormal wavelet transform OWT method has minimum Mean Square and highest PSNR with Coif let wavelets. Simulation results shows that denoised image is 98.29 similar for 5 dB noise standard deviation and 84.42 similar for 30 dB noise standard deviation. The proposed method has 1.35 dB and 4 improvement for s =10 dB, 2.08 dB and 7 improvement for s =20 dB and 2.26 dB and 9 improvement for s =30 dB as compared to denoising with two thresholds for edge detection 1 . 

By Shruti Badgainya | Prof. Pankaj Sahu | Prof. Vipul Awasthi "Image Denoising for AWGN Corrupted Image Using OWT & Thresholding"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, 

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18338.pdf

Direct Link: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/18338/image-denoising-for-awgn-corrupted-image-using-owt-and-thresholding/shruti-badgainya

open access journal of engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering, special issue publication

Aqua Silencer

Global warming is increasing on our earth due to major increase in the pollution. Air pollution is very serious on our earth. So it is required to solve these problems by taking various serious attempts. Hence to reduce these pollutants from Exhaust of Engine a new technology is introduced called Aqua silencer. Sound produced under water is less hearable than it produced in atmosphere. This mainly because of small sprockets in water molecules, which lowers its amplitude thus, lowers the sound level. Because of this property water is used in this silencer and hence its name AQUA SILENCER. 

Aqua Silencer is a modified version of a conventional silencer aimed at the reduction of toxic emission. Aqua silencer is one of the attempt taken in reduce the air pollution. It is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine or system. These Silencers is used to reduce the noise and control the emission of dangerous gases. An aqua silencer is an attempt in this direction which is mainly dealing with control of emission and noise. . The aqua silencer system is design for replace commonly used single unit silencers in engine with its slender structure and less weight. Batta Mahesh "Aqua Silencer" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, 

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18435.pdf

Direct Link: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/18435/aqua-silencer/batta-mahesh

international journals in engineering, paper publication for engineering, conference issue publication

Modified Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy M-LEACH Protocol For WSN

In this work, M-LEACH Modified Distributed Energy Efficient Clustering protocol, a new variant of LEACH is proposed. The proposed M-LEACH is designed for three different segregations for the nodes to elongate the stability and lifetime of the network. Hence, it increases the heterogeneity and energy level of the network. In LEACH, amplification energy is set same for all kinds of transmissions.

Using low energy level for intra cluster transmissions with respect to cluster head to BS transmission leads in saving much amount of energy. Moreover, multi power levels also reduce the packet drop ratio, collisions and or interference for other signals. The proposed M-LEACH outperforms in all other existing LEACH variants when compared for FND, HND and LND. 

BY Aditi Beohar | Prof. Pankaj Sahu | Prof. Rajender Singh Yadav "Modified Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (M-LEACH) Protocol For WSN"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, 

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18333.pdf

 Direct Link: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/18333/modified-low-energy-adaptive-clustering-hierarchy-m-leach-protocol-for-wsn/aditi-beohar

review papers, ugc approved journals for engineering, special issue publication

An Experimental Study on Low-Calcium Flyash and Metakaolin Based Geo-Polymer Concrete

Geo-polymer concrete is known as one of environmental- friendly construction materials. Using by-product material such as flyash and metakaolin replace cement would avoid carbon dioxide CO2 emission during the manufacturing process of ordinary Portland cement OPC . The objective of his research work was to produce a carbon dioxide emission free cementious material. This paper discusses low-calcium Flyash and metakaolin based geo-polymer concrete with different proportion of binder and molarities. 

The alkaline liquids used in this study for the polymerization are the solutions of Sodium hydroxide NaOH and sodium silicate Na2Sio3 . In this paper variation of source material for low-calcium Fly ash and Metakaoline and at various molarities like 10M, 12M and 14M is done to achieve compressive strength for medium grade of concrete of M-25. They are curing by oven at 600C for 24 hours then after ambient temperature. It is found that geo-polymer concrete with Metakoline and low-calcium Fly ash as increase its strength and shows good strength with increase in the molarity of the alkaline solution also comparable with that of Ordinary portland cement concrete. 

By Rakesh Kumar Gupta | Dr. Rajeev Chandak "An Experimental Study on Low-Calcium Flyash and Metakaolin Based Geo-Polymer Concrete" 

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, 

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18408.pdf

Direct Link: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/18408/an-experimental-study-on-low-calcium-flyash-and-metakaolin-based-geo-polymer-concrete/rakesh-kumar-gupta

research papers, paper publication for engineering, conference issue publication