Sunday, June 3, 2018

Modifications for Conversion of Conventional Four Stroke Engine to a Six Stroke Engine


Considering the climate change and the shortage of non-renewable energy resources, the interests in the waste heat recovery from internal combustion engines is one of the opportunities for economizing of energy consumption. In an internal combustion engine, a great amount of fuel energy is wasted in the form of heat due to thermal limitations. Roughly one-third of fuel energy is converted to mechanical power and the rest is released to the ambience in the form of heat. To save the non-renewable energy resources, the interest in waste heat recovery has been growing. 


A six-stroke internal combustion engine will increase the fuel efficiency and reduce the heat dissipation of the engine. There are additional two strokes, namely steam power and steam exhaust strokes in six-stroke engine. Some of the basic modifications are done in the four stroke engine to convert six-stroke engine. 

There are crank shaft modification, cam shaft modification and an injector & ECU which must be required for water injection once per cycle. Major modifications of conventional internal combustion engine must be done. In this paper the modifications of the conventional four stroke internal combustion engine are illustrated to convert it into six stroke engine. 

By Myo Thura | Sandar Aung"Modifications for Conversion of Conventional Four Stroke Engine to a Six Stroke Engine"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14311.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14311/modifications-for-conversion-of-conventional-four-stroke-engine-to-a-six-stroke-engine/myo-thura

peer reviewed journal, manuscript submission, call for paper engineering

Plastic Wastes as Partial Replacement of Conventional Natural Aggregates

Concrete is the most widely used construction material in today's world. It is very difficult to point out another material of construction as versatile as concrete. It is a material of choice where strength, durability, permanence, impermeability, fire resistance and abrasion resistance are required. It is so closely associated now with every human activity that it touches every human being in day today living. The basic materials required for producing concrete include cement, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate (broken stone or boulders) and water. 

Sand and coarse aggregate required for making concrete are obtained from earth's crust, mainly from river basins. The extraction of aggregates from rivers has led to deterioration of river basins, large scale soil erosions, depletion of water table, decrease in sediment supply and has also led to increase in pollution and changes in pH level. Concrete being a crucial building material is utilized all over the world in billions of tones annually and the consumption is increasing at a faster rate with every passing year. 

The requirement of aggregates is also increasing with increase in the production of concrete. This large-scale extraction of aggregates will ultimately lead to irreparable damages to the earth's natural resources. So, we need to search for new construction materials. A no. of innovative ideas has been put forward by many researchers suggesting the potential replacements of conventional concrete constituents, particularly coarse and fine aggregates. Plastic wastes in the form of powder as well as solid pieces have also been suggested as potential replacements of conventional sand and stone aggregate.

Use of plastic wastes will not only help in reducing the adverse effects if plastic pollution but will also help in producing economical and light weight concrete. In my experimental work, I am going to prepare concrete by replacing certain percentage of fine and coarse aggregate by plastic waste powder and solid plastic waste pieces respectively and find its effects on physical properties as well as the decrease in pollution due plastic wastes and economic characteristics of concrete.

By Javeed Ahmad Dar | Zeeshan Khan"Plastic Wastes as Partial Replacement of Conventional Natural Aggregates"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14385.pdf

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/14385/plastic-wastes-as-partial-replacement-of-conventional-natural-aggregates/javeed-ahmad-dar

international journals in engineering, paper publication for engineering, conference issue publication

Thursday, May 3, 2018

Comparative Analysis of AODV Base and RSSI Base Wireless Sensor Node Localization Techniques


Measurement-based node localization algorithms exploit the measurements of the received signals' characteristics such as RSSI (Received signal strength). Using the RSS measurement, the distance between any sensors' pair could be obtained by converting the power loss due to propagation from a sensor to another based on some propagation laws. Unfortunately, due to the probable presence of noise and interference, the distance's estimate would befar from being accurate, thereby leading to unreliable localization accuracy. 


The proposed approach can provide the deployment uniformly of known location nodes among the sensor ?elds and the lower computational complexity of path planning compared with method which utilizes only mobile nodes on the basis of a random movement. The results are compared with the AODV based basic localization technique with new RSSI based AODV node localization technique. Further analysis of the power consumption, PDR and throughput is done and shows satisfactory results. 

By Miss. Prajakta B. Patil | Dr. A. N. Jadhav"Comparative Analysis of AODV Base and RSSI Base Wireless Sensor Node Localization Techniques"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14301.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/14301/comparative-analysis-of-aodv-base-and-rssi-base-wireless-sensor-node-localization-techniques/miss-prajakta-b-patil

paper publication, submit paper online, indexed journal

Efficacy of Cement Using Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash and Sugarcane Straw Ash: A Review


Fly ash is waste generated from combustion of coal in power generation plant. Due to its pozzolanic properties utilized in construction industry. In this paper Fal-G brick masonry prism test study and economy have been described. The observations, limitation and suggestion in various areas have been described. The preliminary and investable interest in the use of partial replacements or by '“ products as complementary pozzolanic materials was mostly induced by enforcement of air pollution control resulted from cement production industry. 


Rise husk is by '“ product taken from the rice mill process with approximately the ratio of 200 kg per one ton of rice, even in high temperature it reduces to 40 kg, This research addresses the suitability of sugarcane ash in concrete used as partial cement replacement. Two grades of concrete M15 and M20 were used for used for the experimental analysis. 

By Sandeep Kumar | Subrata Bhattacharya | Snigdhadip Ghosh"Efficacy of Cement Using Fly Ash, Rice Husk Ash and Sugarcane Straw Ash: A Review"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14307.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/14307/efficacy-of-cement-using-fly-ash-rice-husk-ash-and-sugarcane-straw-ash-a-review/sandeep-kumar

open access journal of engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering, special issue publication

Tri-Wheeler Stair Climber


The project deals with the designing and manufacturing of a tri-wheeler stair climber, which can climb stairs with less effort as compared to manual work. The technical issues in designing of this vehicle are the stability and speed of the vehicle while climbing stair. The inclinations of the stairs is also the important parameter for this study. The application of this special trolley are often used to lift the goods such as books for library, medicines in hospital, regular goods of any technical or non technical institutes, or transportation of toxic materials for industries and give freedom to the retarded person or paralyzed patients to move anywhere over flat surface as well as stairs. 


The vehicle has four wheels arrangement to support its weight when it moves over the flat surface. Each set of wheel frame consists of three wheels attached with nuts and bolts. Using this vehicle, the labour cost can be reduced as well as huge amount of loads can be transferred uniformly with less power consumption. 

Moreover, considering some drawbacks due to lack of implementation of all techniques during manufacturing phase the test and trial run showed considerably significant and encouraging results that might help the future researchers to incorporate a gear box and steering mechanism to make the vehicle more versatile. 

By Amber Srivastav | Aman Kaushal | Devansh Dhar Dubey | Agman Srivastava | Mr. Manabendra Saha"Tri-Wheeler Stair Climber"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14228.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14228/tri-wheeler-stair-climber/amber-srivastav

paper publication, submit paper online, indexed journal

Analysis and Comparative Study of Image Restoration by using Matlab


The Image restoration is the recovery of an image that has been degraded by blur and noise. Degradation typically involves blurring of the original image and corruption noise. The recovery of an original image from degraded observations is of paramount importance and can find its application in several scientific areas including medical and diagnostics, authentication automated industry inspection, astronomical imaging and many areas. Image restoration assures good sights of image when it is subjected to further techniques of image processing. 


In this the presentation of results and comparisons of the restoration algorithms namely Weiner filter, the regularized filter and Lucy Richardson as implemented in MATLAB. The image which will be used that will be degraded by motion blur with Gaussian, Salt and pepper and speckle noise models respectively and restoration of same image using various algorithms mentioned above. The algorithm of image restoration, distinguish themselves from enhance method in that they are based on models for degrading process and for the ideal image. 

Vaishali Kumari | Ranjan Kumar Singh"Analysis and Comparative Study of Image Restoration by using Matlab"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd13082.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/13082/analysis-and-comparative-study-of-image-restoration-by-using-matlab/vaishali-kumari

paper publication, submit paper online, indexed journal

Improving Defense Mechanism Using Packet Tracer for Switches and Router


We live in that era of time where security is the prime concern everywhere. Nowadays several unauthorized groups are now available in the domain of computer networking. Designing a secure system against attacking is always a challenging task for network developers. Here you can see Layer 2 and 3 attacks on Packet Tracer and also provide their defense mechanism. 


By Kusum Bhardwaj | Poonam Singh"Improving Defense Mechanism Using Packet Tracer for Switches and Router"  

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018,

URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14246.pdf 

Direct URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/14246/improving-defense-mechanism-using-packet-tracer-for-switches-and-router/kusum-bhardwaj

open access journal of engineering, ugc approved journals for engineering, special issue publication